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182Table A.5 (continued) Detailed Investigation of the Strength of Wrought Iron Bars PartII, Reported by BeardsleeTest Diameter Length Percent Elongation Elastic Limit Tensile LimitNumber (in) (in) (per original length) (psi) (psi)915 1.35 9 27.5 34940 50594916 1.51 10 27.3 32312 50919917 1.62 8 22.1 34012 52401918 1.72 10 23.8 32271 50120919 1.86 10 24 30842 47478920 2 11 25.6 31413 48249921 1.27 6.7 31.5 35596 55782922 1.38 7 29.6 30802 52550923 1.46 NA NA NA 53345924 1.52 8 28 29630 52865925 2.02 10 24 29959 49872926 0.99 4.25 0.9 38971 55858927 0.99 4.25 18.8 39489 59755928 1.12 6 20 41006 56840929 1.12 6 17.7 41615 57739930 1.28 7 25.4 37218 56721931 1.28 7 23.9 36519 57031932 1.4 8 25.6 33788 55230933 1.4 8 23.7 37737 55230934 1.52 10 22.2 33057 53664935 1.52 10 24 33233 54655936 1.64 8 1 33522 53799937 1.77 9 24.7 33238 51889938 1.77 9 22 33726 51801939 1.88 10 23.8 32420 52806940 1.88 10 25.6 32204 50866941 2.01 11 23 31673 50803942 2.01 11 29.1 32083 56535943 1.26 7.5 29.3 34482 56134944 1.26 7.5 21 33360 54606945 1.51 7.5 22.3 34617 54103946 1.51 9 23 NA 54455947 1.64 7 26.4 33143 54924948 1.64 7 25.4 33712 54089949 1.76 9 22.8 33703 54336950 1.76 9 24.7 34112 51860951 1.87 10 28.4 32046 51665952 1.87 10 27.1 32477 53172
183Table A.6 Tensile Strength Data Reported by FairbairnDescription of Material Mean Breaking TensileTested Weight Strength(Manufacturer and Grade) tons/in 2 (psi)Plate: Yorkshire Plates 25,770 51,540Yorkshire Plates 22,760 45,520Derbyshire Plates 21,680 43,360Shropshire Plates 22,826 45,652Staffordshire Plates 19,563 39,126Bar: Lowmoor Iron 28,661 57,322Lancashire Iron 21,815 43,630Charcoal bar-iron 28,402 56,804Best-best Staffordshire Charcoal Plate 20,095 40,190Best-best Staffordshire Charcoal Plate 22,297 44,594Best Staffordshire 26,706 53,412Common Staffordshire 26,706 53,412Lowmoor rivet Iron 26,801 53,602Staffordshire Rivet Iron 26,563 53,126Staffordshire Rivet Iron 26,646 53,292Staffordshire Rivet Iron 37,956 75,912Staffordshire Bridge Iron 21,249 42,498Yorkshire Bridge Iron 22,290 44,580
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Purdue UniversityPurdue e-PubsJTRP
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1. Report No. 2. Government Accessi
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epairing a bent wrought iron tensio
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vPageCHAPTER 3TEST PROCEDURES FOR M
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ixLIST OF FIGURESFigurePageFigure 1
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xiFigurePageFigure 3.30 Top View of
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xiiiFigurePageFigure 5.12 Typical T
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xvAppendix FigurePageFigure D.7 Ini
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viiiAppendix TablePageTable A.5 Det
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iiiThe authors would also like to t
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2but also what material properties
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4microstructure of the metal. The c
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62. LITERATURE SEARCHBefore experim
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8imperfections, the performance of
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10wrought iron. Adding the slag aft
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12method for manufacturing wrought
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14patents for their process and tra
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16This method of testing of structu
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18plot of this percent elongation d
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20significant variation in the perc
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22The practice of restoring histori
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24Elleby, Wallace W. Sanders, F. Wa
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26From all the surveys that were di
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28Table 2.1 Average Ultimate Streng
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30Figure 2.3 Wrought Iron “Sponge
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32Histogram of Kirkaldy Wrought Iro
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34Percent Occurance in Range - %45.
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3660Combined Wrought Iron BarsTensi
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38The Bell Ford Bridge consisted of
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40Two. These samples were taken fro
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42specimens were of constant cross
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44Along with rectangular tensile co
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46After the initial test loading wa
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483.6 Fatigue TestingTo develop a b
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50The final specimen category consi
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52This analysis was completed using
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54After the initial test was comple
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56completed, but before the surface
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58readings, load cell readings and
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60Figure 3.3 Donated Eyebars 4 and
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62Figure 3.7 Heated Areas in Blue o
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64Figure 3.11 Detail Used in Groove
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66900080007000y = 27.153xR 2 = 0.99
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68Figure 3.19 Charpy Impact Testing
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70Figure 3.23 Eyebar Connection in
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72Figure 3.27 Eyebar A After Filler
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74Figure 3.31 Side View of Finished
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76Figure 3.35 Front View of Eyebar
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78strength from the existence of pe
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80The carbon content present in the
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82value may not be very accurate bu
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84strengths was found to be 29,940
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86wrought iron bars were investigat
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88stresses are induced. These perma
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90toughness the material. The test
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92From the finite element analysis,
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94Table 4.1 Chemical Analysis of Ey
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96Table 4.3 Tensile Coupon Test Res
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98Table 4.5 Charpy Impact Test Resu
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100Table 4.7 Comparison of Strain G
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102Figure 4.1 Typical Micrograph of
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104Figure 4.5 Fracture Surface of D
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106Comparison of Tensile Strengthfo
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108Combined Wrought Iron Bar Histor
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110Figure 4.17 Macrograph of Weld u
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112Figure 4.21 Cleavage Fracture of
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Figure 4.25 Elongation of Hole in E
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116signs on or near the bridge that
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118testing of historic wrought iron
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120so that they would act in symmet
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122The reasons for the differences
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124The second corrosion pattern mod
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126Keating (1984) stated that the s
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128charcoal fire until it is red ho
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130Figure 5.3 Picture of Bottom Cho
Page 152 and 153: 132Figure 5.7 Using Force After Usi
Page 154 and 155: 134Figure 5.11 Reassembling a Pin C
Page 156 and 157: 1366. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND IMPL
Page 158 and 159: 138rectangular in shape. These eyeb
Page 160 and 161: 140were joined together with a full
Page 162 and 163: 1424. The Charpy impact energy of t
Page 164 and 165: 144connections are unsymmetrical, i
Page 166 and 167: 146LIST OF REFERENCESAASHTO (1998).
Page 168 and 169: 148Hodgkinson, Eaton (1840). Experi
Page 170 and 171: 150Appendix A. Data Collected From
Page 172 and 173: 152Table A.1 Wrought Iron Bar Tensi
Page 174 and 175: 154Table A.1 (continued) Wrought Ir
Page 176 and 177: 156Table A.2 (continued) Wrought Ir
Page 178 and 179: 158Table A.3 Wrought Iron Angle Ten
Page 180 and 181: 160Table A.4 (continued) Summary of
Page 182 and 183: 162Table A.4 (continued) Summary of
Page 184 and 185: 164Table A.5 (continued) Detailed I
Page 204 and 205: 184Table A.7 Tensile Strength Data
Page 206 and 207: 186Table B.1 Example Historic Wroug
Page 208 and 209: 188DepartmentofTransportationIf you
Page 210 and 211: 190CountyIf your organizationdoes m
Page 212 and 213: 192County 16: County bridge inspect
Page 214 and 215: 194State 13: Included in original d
Page 216 and 217: 196Figure C.1 Diagrams Showing Loca
Page 218 and 219: 198Figure C.3 Heating of Eyebar fro
Page 220 and 221: 200Figure C.7 Double V Butt Joint u
Page 222 and 223: 202Figure C. 11 Welded Tensile Coup
Page 224 and 225: 204Figure C.15 Tensile Coupon from
Page 226 and 227: 206Figure C.19 Cooling Bath with Su
Page 228 and 229: 208Figure C.23 Side View of Eyebar
Page 230 and 231: 210Figure C.27 Eyebar End Connectio
Page 232 and 233: 212Appendix D. Welding Procedure fo
Page 234 and 235: 214D.2 Filler Weld for Eyebar Conne
Page 236 and 237: 216Figure D.1 Weld Joint Detail Use
Page 238 and 239: Figure D.5 Completed Weld Before Su
Page 240 and 241: 220Figure D.7 Initial Pass Pattern
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