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106Comparison of Tensile Strengthfor All Tensile Testing Specimens600005500050000Ultimate Stress (psi)450004000035000300000 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20Eyebar Coupon, Round Coupon (order)EyebarsRoundsFigure 4.9 Tensile Strength of Tensile Test CouponsComparison of Percent Elongationfor All Testing Specimens403530Percent Elongation %25201510500 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20Eyebar Coupon, Round Coupoon (order)EyebarsRoundsFigure 4.10 Percent Elongation of Tensile Test Coupons
107504540Stress (ksi)353025201510Elastic Region:σ =E εPlastic Region:σ = K ε n500 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16StrainFigure 4.11 Theoretical Stress vs. Strain Curve for Wrought Iron70000Combined Wrought Iron Bar Historic Data and Testing ResultsTensile Tests - Ultimate Tensile Stress6500060000Standard DeviationTensile Stress (psi)550005000045000Standard DeviationMean = 53300 psi400002nd Standard Deviation = 40,000 psi35000300000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000Sample (Random)Kirkaldy Data Beardslee Data Testing ResultsFigure 4.12 Comparison of Historical to Testing Results for Tensile Strength
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Purdue UniversityPurdue e-PubsJTRP
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1. Report No. 2. Government Accessi
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epairing a bent wrought iron tensio
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vPageCHAPTER 3TEST PROCEDURES FOR M
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ixLIST OF FIGURESFigurePageFigure 1
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xiFigurePageFigure 3.30 Top View of
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xiiiFigurePageFigure 5.12 Typical T
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xvAppendix FigurePageFigure D.7 Ini
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viiiAppendix TablePageTable A.5 Det
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iiiThe authors would also like to t
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2but also what material properties
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4microstructure of the metal. The c
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62. LITERATURE SEARCHBefore experim
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8imperfections, the performance of
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10wrought iron. Adding the slag aft
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12method for manufacturing wrought
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14patents for their process and tra
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16This method of testing of structu
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18plot of this percent elongation d
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20significant variation in the perc
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22The practice of restoring histori
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24Elleby, Wallace W. Sanders, F. Wa
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26From all the surveys that were di
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28Table 2.1 Average Ultimate Streng
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30Figure 2.3 Wrought Iron “Sponge
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32Histogram of Kirkaldy Wrought Iro
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34Percent Occurance in Range - %45.
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3660Combined Wrought Iron BarsTensi
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38The Bell Ford Bridge consisted of
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40Two. These samples were taken fro
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42specimens were of constant cross
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44Along with rectangular tensile co
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46After the initial test loading wa
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483.6 Fatigue TestingTo develop a b
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50The final specimen category consi
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52This analysis was completed using
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54After the initial test was comple
Page 76 and 77: 56completed, but before the surface
Page 78 and 79: 58readings, load cell readings and
Page 80 and 81: 60Figure 3.3 Donated Eyebars 4 and
Page 82 and 83: 62Figure 3.7 Heated Areas in Blue o
Page 84 and 85: 64Figure 3.11 Detail Used in Groove
Page 86 and 87: 66900080007000y = 27.153xR 2 = 0.99
Page 88 and 89: 68Figure 3.19 Charpy Impact Testing
Page 90 and 91: 70Figure 3.23 Eyebar Connection in
Page 92 and 93: 72Figure 3.27 Eyebar A After Filler
Page 94 and 95: 74Figure 3.31 Side View of Finished
Page 96 and 97: 76Figure 3.35 Front View of Eyebar
Page 98 and 99: 78strength from the existence of pe
Page 100 and 101: 80The carbon content present in the
Page 102 and 103: 82value may not be very accurate bu
Page 104 and 105: 84strengths was found to be 29,940
Page 106 and 107: 86wrought iron bars were investigat
Page 108 and 109: 88stresses are induced. These perma
Page 110 and 111: 90toughness the material. The test
Page 112 and 113: 92From the finite element analysis,
Page 114 and 115: 94Table 4.1 Chemical Analysis of Ey
Page 116 and 117: 96Table 4.3 Tensile Coupon Test Res
Page 118 and 119: 98Table 4.5 Charpy Impact Test Resu
Page 120 and 121: 100Table 4.7 Comparison of Strain G
Page 122 and 123: 102Figure 4.1 Typical Micrograph of
Page 124 and 125: 104Figure 4.5 Fracture Surface of D
Page 128 and 129: 108Combined Wrought Iron Bar Histor
Page 130 and 131: 110Figure 4.17 Macrograph of Weld u
Page 132 and 133: 112Figure 4.21 Cleavage Fracture of
Page 134 and 135: Figure 4.25 Elongation of Hole in E
Page 136 and 137: 116signs on or near the bridge that
Page 138 and 139: 118testing of historic wrought iron
Page 140 and 141: 120so that they would act in symmet
Page 142 and 143: 122The reasons for the differences
Page 144 and 145: 124The second corrosion pattern mod
Page 146 and 147: 126Keating (1984) stated that the s
Page 148 and 149: 128charcoal fire until it is red ho
Page 150 and 151: 130Figure 5.3 Picture of Bottom Cho
Page 152 and 153: 132Figure 5.7 Using Force After Usi
Page 154 and 155: 134Figure 5.11 Reassembling a Pin C
Page 156 and 157: 1366. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND IMPL
Page 158 and 159: 138rectangular in shape. These eyeb
Page 160 and 161: 140were joined together with a full
Page 162 and 163: 1424. The Charpy impact energy of t
Page 164 and 165: 144connections are unsymmetrical, i
Page 166 and 167: 146LIST OF REFERENCESAASHTO (1998).
Page 168 and 169: 148Hodgkinson, Eaton (1840). Experi
Page 170 and 171: 150Appendix A. Data Collected From
Page 172 and 173: 152Table A.1 Wrought Iron Bar Tensi
Page 174 and 175: 154Table A.1 (continued) Wrought Ir
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156Table A.2 (continued) Wrought Ir
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158Table A.3 Wrought Iron Angle Ten
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160Table A.4 (continued) Summary of
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162Table A.4 (continued) Summary of
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164Table A.5 (continued) Detailed I
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184Table A.7 Tensile Strength Data
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186Table B.1 Example Historic Wroug
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188DepartmentofTransportationIf you
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190CountyIf your organizationdoes m
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192County 16: County bridge inspect
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194State 13: Included in original d
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196Figure C.1 Diagrams Showing Loca
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198Figure C.3 Heating of Eyebar fro
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200Figure C.7 Double V Butt Joint u
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202Figure C. 11 Welded Tensile Coup
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204Figure C.15 Tensile Coupon from
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206Figure C.19 Cooling Bath with Su
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208Figure C.23 Side View of Eyebar
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210Figure C.27 Eyebar End Connectio
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212Appendix D. Welding Procedure fo
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214D.2 Filler Weld for Eyebar Conne
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216Figure D.1 Weld Joint Detail Use
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Figure D.5 Completed Weld Before Su
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220Figure D.7 Initial Pass Pattern
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