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184Table A.7 Tensile Strength Data Reported by HumberManufacturer Tensile Strength Manufacturer Tensile Strength(psi)(psi)Low Moor Iron Works 60,364 Prince Demidoff, C.C.N. 56,802Low Moor Iron Works 61,798 Prince Demidoff, C.C.N. 53,420Low Moor Iron Works 60,078 Prince Demidoff, C.C.N. 55,878Low Moor Iron Works 60,245 Prince Demidoff, C.C.N. 47,582Low Moor Iron Works 66,392 Prince Demidoff, C.C.N. 44,758Bowling Iron Works 62,404 Low Moor Iron Works 52,000Bowling Iron Works 61,477 Low Moor Iron Works 50,515Farnley Iron Works 62,886 Bowling Iron Works 52,235Bradley, Charcoal 57,216 Bowling Iron Works 46,441Bradley, B.B. Scrap 59,370 Farnley Iron Works 56,005Bradley, S.C. 56,715 Farnley Iron Works 46,224Thorneycroft and Co. 62,231 Farnley Iron Works 58,487Lord Ward 59,287 Farnley Iron Works 54,198Govan. Ex. B. Best 59,753 Farnley Iron Works 58,437Govan. Ex. B. Best 56,655 Farnley Iron Works 55,033Govan. Ex. B. Best 57,591 Consett Iron Works 51,245Govan. Ex. B. Best 58,358 Consett Iron Works 46,712Govan. Ex. B. Best 59,109 Bradley. S. S. 55,831Govan. Ex. B. Best 58,169 Bradley. S. S. 50,550Govan. B. Best 57,400 Bradley. L.F., S. S. 56,996Govan. B. Best 60,879 Bradley. L.F., S. S. 51,251Govan. B. Best 52,849 Bradley. S. S. 55,708Govan. B. Best 51,341 Bradley. S. S. 49,425Govan. B. Best 54,795 Wells B. Best 47,410Govan. B. Best 58,326 Wells B. Best 46,630Govan. B. Best 59,424 Wells. K. B. M. 46,404Govan. B. Best 63,956 Wells. K. B. M. 44,764Glasgow. B. Best 61,877 Mossend. B. Best 43,433Glasgow. B. Best 58,885 Mossend. B. Best 41,456Glasgow. Rivet 58,940 Glasgow. Boiler 53,849Glasgow. B. Best 57,092 Glasgow. Boiler 48,848Coatbridge. G. Best Rivet 59,045 Glasgow. Ship 47,773Blockairn. B. Best Rivet 59,548 Glasgow. Ship 44,355St. Rollox. B. Best Rivet 61,723 Glasgow. Ship 45,598R. Sollock, E. Best 59,219 Glasgow. Ship 39,544Ulverstone Rivet 56,981 Govan. Best 43,942Mersey Co. Best 57,425 Govan. Best 39,544Per Eckman & Co. R. F. 53,775 Glasgow 55,937Per Eckman & Co. R. F. 60,110 Dundyvan 55,285Prince Demidoff, C.C.N. 47,855 Mossend 45,439Prince Demidoff, C.C.N. 48,232 Thorneycroft 52,789Prince Demidoff, C.C.N. 49,564 Consett 50,807Dowlais 41,386
185Appendix B. Survey ResultsTo determine if there were any existing inspection, maintenance and repairprocedures throughout the country, a survey was created and distributed to theDepartment of Transportation and Local Technical Assistant Program offices in all fiftystates. A similar survey was also distributed to all ninety-two county highwaydepartments in Indiana, as well as a few bridge engineering consultants.From all the surveys that were distributed, a total of 59 responses were received.The survey responses are broken down as follows: 35 were received from state DOT’s, 2were received from other state’s LTAPs, 19 were received from local county highwaydepartments in Indiana, and 3 were received from various bridge engineering consultants.A copy of the survey that was created and distributed during this study is shownin the following pages. Also included is an itemized summary of the results from thissurvey.
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Purdue UniversityPurdue e-PubsJTRP
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1. Report No. 2. Government Accessi
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epairing a bent wrought iron tensio
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vPageCHAPTER 3TEST PROCEDURES FOR M
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ixLIST OF FIGURESFigurePageFigure 1
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xiFigurePageFigure 3.30 Top View of
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xiiiFigurePageFigure 5.12 Typical T
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xvAppendix FigurePageFigure D.7 Ini
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viiiAppendix TablePageTable A.5 Det
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iiiThe authors would also like to t
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2but also what material properties
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4microstructure of the metal. The c
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62. LITERATURE SEARCHBefore experim
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8imperfections, the performance of
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10wrought iron. Adding the slag aft
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12method for manufacturing wrought
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14patents for their process and tra
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16This method of testing of structu
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18plot of this percent elongation d
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20significant variation in the perc
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22The practice of restoring histori
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24Elleby, Wallace W. Sanders, F. Wa
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26From all the surveys that were di
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28Table 2.1 Average Ultimate Streng
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30Figure 2.3 Wrought Iron “Sponge
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32Histogram of Kirkaldy Wrought Iro
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34Percent Occurance in Range - %45.
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3660Combined Wrought Iron BarsTensi
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38The Bell Ford Bridge consisted of
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40Two. These samples were taken fro
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42specimens were of constant cross
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44Along with rectangular tensile co
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46After the initial test loading wa
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483.6 Fatigue TestingTo develop a b
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50The final specimen category consi
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52This analysis was completed using
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54After the initial test was comple
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56completed, but before the surface
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58readings, load cell readings and
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60Figure 3.3 Donated Eyebars 4 and
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62Figure 3.7 Heated Areas in Blue o
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64Figure 3.11 Detail Used in Groove
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66900080007000y = 27.153xR 2 = 0.99
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68Figure 3.19 Charpy Impact Testing
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70Figure 3.23 Eyebar Connection in
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72Figure 3.27 Eyebar A After Filler
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74Figure 3.31 Side View of Finished
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76Figure 3.35 Front View of Eyebar
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78strength from the existence of pe
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80The carbon content present in the
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82value may not be very accurate bu
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84strengths was found to be 29,940
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86wrought iron bars were investigat
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88stresses are induced. These perma
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90toughness the material. The test
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92From the finite element analysis,
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94Table 4.1 Chemical Analysis of Ey
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96Table 4.3 Tensile Coupon Test Res
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98Table 4.5 Charpy Impact Test Resu
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100Table 4.7 Comparison of Strain G
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102Figure 4.1 Typical Micrograph of
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104Figure 4.5 Fracture Surface of D
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106Comparison of Tensile Strengthfo
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108Combined Wrought Iron Bar Histor
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110Figure 4.17 Macrograph of Weld u
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112Figure 4.21 Cleavage Fracture of
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Figure 4.25 Elongation of Hole in E
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116signs on or near the bridge that
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118testing of historic wrought iron
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120so that they would act in symmet
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122The reasons for the differences
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124The second corrosion pattern mod
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126Keating (1984) stated that the s
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128charcoal fire until it is red ho
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130Figure 5.3 Picture of Bottom Cho
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132Figure 5.7 Using Force After Usi
Page 154 and 155: 134Figure 5.11 Reassembling a Pin C
Page 156 and 157: 1366. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND IMPL
Page 158 and 159: 138rectangular in shape. These eyeb
Page 160 and 161: 140were joined together with a full
Page 162 and 163: 1424. The Charpy impact energy of t
Page 164 and 165: 144connections are unsymmetrical, i
Page 166 and 167: 146LIST OF REFERENCESAASHTO (1998).
Page 168 and 169: 148Hodgkinson, Eaton (1840). Experi
Page 170 and 171: 150Appendix A. Data Collected From
Page 172 and 173: 152Table A.1 Wrought Iron Bar Tensi
Page 174 and 175: 154Table A.1 (continued) Wrought Ir
Page 176 and 177: 156Table A.2 (continued) Wrought Ir
Page 178 and 179: 158Table A.3 Wrought Iron Angle Ten
Page 180 and 181: 160Table A.4 (continued) Summary of
Page 182 and 183: 162Table A.4 (continued) Summary of
Page 184 and 185: 164Table A.5 (continued) Detailed I
Page 206 and 207: 186Table B.1 Example Historic Wroug
Page 208 and 209: 188DepartmentofTransportationIf you
Page 210 and 211: 190CountyIf your organizationdoes m
Page 212 and 213: 192County 16: County bridge inspect
Page 214 and 215: 194State 13: Included in original d
Page 216 and 217: 196Figure C.1 Diagrams Showing Loca
Page 218 and 219: 198Figure C.3 Heating of Eyebar fro
Page 220 and 221: 200Figure C.7 Double V Butt Joint u
Page 222 and 223: 202Figure C. 11 Welded Tensile Coup
Page 224 and 225: 204Figure C.15 Tensile Coupon from
Page 226 and 227: 206Figure C.19 Cooling Bath with Su
Page 228 and 229: 208Figure C.23 Side View of Eyebar
Page 230 and 231: 210Figure C.27 Eyebar End Connectio
Page 232 and 233: 212Appendix D. Welding Procedure fo
Page 234 and 235: 214D.2 Filler Weld for Eyebar Conne
Page 236 and 237: 216Figure D.1 Weld Joint Detail Use
Page 238 and 239: Figure D.5 Completed Weld Before Su
Page 240 and 241: 220Figure D.7 Initial Pass Pattern
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