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168Table A.5 (continued) Detailed Investigation of the Strength of Wrought Iron Bars PartII, Reported by BeardsleeTest Diameter Length Percent Elongation Elastic Limit Tensile LimitNumber (in) (in) (per original length) (psi) (psi)237 1.75 27 11.1 27856 53800238 1.75 27 NA NA 51217239 1.75 27 NA NA 51217240 1.75 27 NA NA 51217241 1.5 27 NA NA 44500256 1.4375 27 12 NA 50400257 1.4375 27 NA NA 47067258 1.4375 27 NA NA 47067259 1.4375 27 NA NA 47067260 1.5 27 14 NA 51047261 1.5 27 NA NA 51867262 1.5 27 NA NA 51867263 1.5 27 NA NA 51867264 1.625 27 9.3 NA 52748265 1.625 27 NA NA 50367266 1.625 27 NA NA 50367267 1.625 27 NA NA 50367268 1.6875 27 14.8 NA 54114269 1.6875 27 NA NA 51783270 1.6875 27 NA NA 51783271 1.6875 27 NA NA 51783272 1.75 27 11.6 NA 53264273 1.75 27 NA NA 51750274 1.75 27 NA NA 51750275 1.75 27 NA NA 51750276 1.75 27 NA NA 51750277 1.8125 27 14 NA 48953278 1.8125 27 NA NA 48800279 1.8125 27 NA NA 48800280 1.8125 27 NA NA 48800281 1.8125 27 NA NA 48800282 1.4375 NA NA 32162 69205283 1.4375 NA NA NA 66167284 1.4375 NA NA NA 66167285 1.4375 NA NA NA 66167286 1.5 NA NA 28579 69779287 1.5 NA NA NA 75167288 1.5 NA NA NA 75167289 1.5 NA NA NA 75167290 1.625 NA NA 44792 46116
169Table A.5 (continued) Detailed Investigation of the Strength of Wrought Iron Bars PartII, Reported by BeardsleeTest Diameter Length Percent Elongation Elastic Limit Tensile LimitNumber (in) (in) (per original length) (psi) (psi)350 1.8125 1.3 38.1 NA 49200352 1.8125 1.3 36.1 NA 50162353 1.5 17 22 29881 55956354 1.5 15.5 19.3 NA 53726355 1.5 NA NA 35857 55419356 1.5 NA NA 57487 57045357 1.5 NA NA 35857 54872358 1.625 19.5 18.5 33309 56010359 1.625 19.5 20.5 32402 56473360 1.625 NA NA 319.9 54158361 1.625 NA NA 35180 56878362 1.75 20 18.7 31531 53883363 1.75 12 16.7 32329 54285364 1.75 12 16.7 31930 55873365 1.75 10 18.7 31057 54290366 1.75 20 16.1 29935 53723367 1.125 11 20.4 30000 56992368 1.125 11 17 33802 57948369 1.25 14 19.6 32469 57897370 1.375 18 11.7 31034 54940371 1.625 21 17 32334 54447372 2 21 14.3 29335 51153373 1.125 5.07 36.9 NA 53387374 1.125 4.65 22.6 NA 53073375 1.125 4.15 33.1 NA 52899376 1.125 4.18 26.5 NA 52436377 1.125 3.67 27.2 NA 52228378 1.125 4.15 27.1 NA 52805379 1.125 3.45 25.3 NA 53354380 1 3.8 22.63 NA 53454381 1 3.7 24.3 NA 54644382 1 3.4 23.3 NA 54159383 1 3.97 30.8 NA 53120384 1 4 21.2 NA 53582385 1 4.07 30.6 NA 53171386 1 4.07 30.6 NA 52640387 0.5 2.72 53 NA 59066388 0.5 2.87 53 NA 57216389 0.5 2.9 35 NA 60739390 0.5 2.9 57 NA 76032
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Purdue UniversityPurdue e-PubsJTRP
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1. Report No. 2. Government Accessi
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epairing a bent wrought iron tensio
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vPageCHAPTER 3TEST PROCEDURES FOR M
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ixLIST OF FIGURESFigurePageFigure 1
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xiFigurePageFigure 3.30 Top View of
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xiiiFigurePageFigure 5.12 Typical T
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xvAppendix FigurePageFigure D.7 Ini
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viiiAppendix TablePageTable A.5 Det
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iiiThe authors would also like to t
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2but also what material properties
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4microstructure of the metal. The c
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62. LITERATURE SEARCHBefore experim
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8imperfections, the performance of
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10wrought iron. Adding the slag aft
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12method for manufacturing wrought
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14patents for their process and tra
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16This method of testing of structu
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18plot of this percent elongation d
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20significant variation in the perc
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22The practice of restoring histori
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24Elleby, Wallace W. Sanders, F. Wa
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26From all the surveys that were di
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28Table 2.1 Average Ultimate Streng
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30Figure 2.3 Wrought Iron “Sponge
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32Histogram of Kirkaldy Wrought Iro
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34Percent Occurance in Range - %45.
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3660Combined Wrought Iron BarsTensi
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38The Bell Ford Bridge consisted of
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40Two. These samples were taken fro
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42specimens were of constant cross
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44Along with rectangular tensile co
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46After the initial test loading wa
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483.6 Fatigue TestingTo develop a b
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50The final specimen category consi
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52This analysis was completed using
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54After the initial test was comple
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56completed, but before the surface
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58readings, load cell readings and
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60Figure 3.3 Donated Eyebars 4 and
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62Figure 3.7 Heated Areas in Blue o
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64Figure 3.11 Detail Used in Groove
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66900080007000y = 27.153xR 2 = 0.99
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68Figure 3.19 Charpy Impact Testing
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70Figure 3.23 Eyebar Connection in
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72Figure 3.27 Eyebar A After Filler
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74Figure 3.31 Side View of Finished
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76Figure 3.35 Front View of Eyebar
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78strength from the existence of pe
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80The carbon content present in the
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82value may not be very accurate bu
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84strengths was found to be 29,940
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86wrought iron bars were investigat
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88stresses are induced. These perma
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90toughness the material. The test
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92From the finite element analysis,
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94Table 4.1 Chemical Analysis of Ey
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96Table 4.3 Tensile Coupon Test Res
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98Table 4.5 Charpy Impact Test Resu
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100Table 4.7 Comparison of Strain G
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102Figure 4.1 Typical Micrograph of
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104Figure 4.5 Fracture Surface of D
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106Comparison of Tensile Strengthfo
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108Combined Wrought Iron Bar Histor
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110Figure 4.17 Macrograph of Weld u
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112Figure 4.21 Cleavage Fracture of
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Figure 4.25 Elongation of Hole in E
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116signs on or near the bridge that
Page 138 and 139: 118testing of historic wrought iron
Page 140 and 141: 120so that they would act in symmet
Page 142 and 143: 122The reasons for the differences
Page 144 and 145: 124The second corrosion pattern mod
Page 146 and 147: 126Keating (1984) stated that the s
Page 148 and 149: 128charcoal fire until it is red ho
Page 150 and 151: 130Figure 5.3 Picture of Bottom Cho
Page 152 and 153: 132Figure 5.7 Using Force After Usi
Page 154 and 155: 134Figure 5.11 Reassembling a Pin C
Page 156 and 157: 1366. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND IMPL
Page 158 and 159: 138rectangular in shape. These eyeb
Page 160 and 161: 140were joined together with a full
Page 162 and 163: 1424. The Charpy impact energy of t
Page 164 and 165: 144connections are unsymmetrical, i
Page 166 and 167: 146LIST OF REFERENCESAASHTO (1998).
Page 168 and 169: 148Hodgkinson, Eaton (1840). Experi
Page 170 and 171: 150Appendix A. Data Collected From
Page 172 and 173: 152Table A.1 Wrought Iron Bar Tensi
Page 174 and 175: 154Table A.1 (continued) Wrought Ir
Page 176 and 177: 156Table A.2 (continued) Wrought Ir
Page 178 and 179: 158Table A.3 Wrought Iron Angle Ten
Page 180 and 181: 160Table A.4 (continued) Summary of
Page 182 and 183: 162Table A.4 (continued) Summary of
Page 184 and 185: 164Table A.5 (continued) Detailed I
Page 204 and 205: 184Table A.7 Tensile Strength Data
Page 206 and 207: 186Table B.1 Example Historic Wroug
Page 208 and 209: 188DepartmentofTransportationIf you
Page 210 and 211: 190CountyIf your organizationdoes m
Page 212 and 213: 192County 16: County bridge inspect
Page 214 and 215: 194State 13: Included in original d
Page 216 and 217: 196Figure C.1 Diagrams Showing Loca
Page 218 and 219: 198Figure C.3 Heating of Eyebar fro
Page 220 and 221: 200Figure C.7 Double V Butt Joint u
Page 222 and 223: 202Figure C. 11 Welded Tensile Coup
Page 224 and 225: 204Figure C.15 Tensile Coupon from
Page 226 and 227: 206Figure C.19 Cooling Bath with Su
Page 228 and 229: 208Figure C.23 Side View of Eyebar
Page 230 and 231: 210Figure C.27 Eyebar End Connectio
Page 232 and 233: 212Appendix D. Welding Procedure fo
Page 234 and 235: 214D.2 Filler Weld for Eyebar Conne
Page 236 and 237: 216Figure D.1 Weld Joint Detail Use
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Figure D.5 Completed Weld Before Su
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220Figure D.7 Initial Pass Pattern
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