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Table 6.4—Gene expression 24 hour undifferentiatedData are represented as LSM+SE. The total number of samples included in the ANOVA isindicated below the mean concentrations. Letters (A, B, C) represent values that aresignificantly different from each other at α=0.05. Ubiquitin is abbreviated “UBQ.”SerumFactorADRβ2Fall(Active)Winter(Hibernation)Spring(Active)LSM+SE 1.70+0.19 1.56+0.17 1.55+0.232N samples 11 16 5pPower0.8378 0.0726AktBADBAKBAXBcl-2Bcl-XLBmalIColICyclin D1M-CSFOCNOPGOPNp53Per1Per2PTH1RRANKLRunx2Smurf1TLR4UBQLSM+SE 0.976+0.123 B 0.796+0.102 B 1.55+0.182 AN samples 11 16 50.0046 0.8767LSM+SE 1.46+0.22 1.50+0.18 1.23+0.32N samples 11 16 50.7639 0.0887LSM+SE 1.53+0.13 1.30+0.10 1.15+0.19N samples 11 16 50.1959 0.3317LSM+SE 1.50+0.09 1.30+0.08 1.28+0.14N samples 11 16 50.2152 0.3137LSM+SE 1.38+0.14 1.13+0.12 0.948+0.206N samples 11 16 50.1832 0.3447LSM+SE 1.32+0.10 1.38+0.08 1.16+0.15N samples 11 16 50.1690 0.4691LSM+SE 1.96+0.14 2.11+0.11 1.67+0.20N samples 11 16 50.1830 0.3449LSM+SE 2.80+0.28 2.73+0.23 1.92+0.41N samples 11 16 50.1841 0.3437LSM+SE 1.01+0.04 AB 0.950+0.032 B 1.12+0.05 AN samples 33 48 190.0177 0.7266LSM+SE 0.733+0.061 0.643+0.050 0.676+0.090N samples 11 16 50.5321 0.1472LSM+SE 7.74+1.13 5.22+0.94 3.98+1.7N samples 11 16 50.1285 0.4127LSM+SE 0.568+0.051 0.489+0.043 0.606+0.076N samples 11 16 50.3101 0.2443LSM+SE 1.37+0.26 1.39+0.21 1.58+0.38N samples 11 16 50.8944 0.0655LSM+SE 1.01+0.07 1.05+0.05 0.919+0.096N samples 11 16 50.4942 0.1599LSM+SE 1.65+0.11 1.73+0.089 1.47+0.16N samples 10 16 50.3730 0.2096LSM+SE 3.03+0.55 3.05+0.45 2.37+0.82N samples 10 16 50.7494 0.0916LSM+SE 0.969+0.041 1.04+0.03 0.920+0.054N samples 33 48 190.1110 0.4479LSM+SE 0.180+0.227 0.500+0.189 0.743+0.338N samples 11 16 50.3480 0.2228LSM+SE 0.770+0.030 0.727+0.025 0.750+0.040N samples 33 48 190.5560 0.1456LSM+SE 0.927+0.045 0.875+0.038 0.826+0.0610N samples 34 48 190.3919 0.2096LSM+SE 1.10+0.07 1.14+0.06 1.28+0.10N samples 11 16 50.3507 0.2214LSM+SE 1.02+0.06 1.03+0.044 1.18+0.08N samples 34 48 190.2108 0.3172100
Table 6.5—Gene expression 6 day differentiatedData are represented as LSM+SE. The total number of samples included in the ANOVA isindicated below the mean concentrations. Letters (A, B, C) represent values that aresignificantly different from each other at α=0.05. Ubiquitin is abbreviated “UBQ.”SerumFactorBADBAXBcl-2c-fosColICyclin D1Fall(Active)Winter(Hibernation)Spring(Active)LSM+SE 1.08+0.06 1.01+0.05 1.09+0.084N samples 11 16 5LSM+SE 1.39+0.15 1.42+0.123 1.84+0.22N samples 11 16 5LSM+SE 0.628+0.076 0.605+0.063 0.812+0.113N samples 11 16 5LSM+SE 1.07+0.09 1.06+0.073 1.34+0.13N samples 11 16 5LSM+SE 1.26+0.120 1.05+0.10 1.39+0.18N samples 11 16 5LSM+SE 1.30+0.083 1.09+0.069 1.29+0.123N samples 11 16 5p Power0.5550 0.14000.2149 0.31390.2821 0.26200.1771 0.35120.1824 0.34550.1161 0.4319OCNOPGOPNPer1PTH1RRANKLRunx2Smurf1TLR4UBQLSM+SE 0.056+0.005 B 0.055+0.004 B 0.098+0.01 A
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EXPLORATION OF THE ROLE OF SERUM FA
Page 3 and 4:
Table of contentsIndex of Figures .
Page 5 and 6:
Chapter Four - Attempts to find an
Page 7 and 8:
Index of figures1.1. Simplified sch
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6.17. Longitudinal analysis of OPG
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6.49. Longitudinal analysis of ColI
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A.2. Complete list of BSALP correla
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List of abbreviationsα-MEM. Alpha-
Page 17 and 18:
PCR. Polymerase chain reactionPer1
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G2/M checkpoint. The point in the c
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Species names13-lined ground squirr
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Chapter One - Background and signif
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1.3 Bone turnover is unbalanced dur
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pro-apoptosis regulator BAX. An imp
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low-dose administration of parathyr
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decrease in bone trabecular thickne
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experience periodic arousals in whi
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ears must have evolved a mechanism
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1.7.6 Hypothesis 2: OCN interacts w
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ain, heart, and femoral muscle of h
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Hypothesis 3a: Serum concentrations
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were released. Behavior indicating
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2.3 ResultsSerum activity of the bo
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(p
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post-hibernation sampling in the be
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also unclear whether ucOCN may affe
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atios of intact to fragmented OCN m
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Table 2.3—Bone marker “seasonal
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Table 2.7—Chemistry panel “seas
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ABNormalized BSALPBSALP (U/L)CO N D
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Total Calcium (mg/dL)A1.21.151.11.0
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ABTotal OCN (ng/mL)150100500O N D J
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Adiponectin (ng/mL)AB40003500300025
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ABNormalized InsulinInsulin (μU/mL
Page 71 and 72: surrounding and encompassing hibern
Page 73 and 74: decreased from 788+30 ng/mL in preh
Page 75 and 76: 120-122]. Most small hibernators ar
Page 77 and 78: ears. Similarly, serum NPY increase
Page 79 and 80: Table 3.2—Serum factor longitudin
Page 81 and 82: Leptin (ng/mL)ABO N D J F M A M O N
Page 83 and 84: Norepinephrine (ng/mL)A807060504030
Page 85 and 86: IGF‐1 (ng/mL)AN D J F M A MB10009
Page 87 and 88: 2008. Samples were collected as des
Page 89 and 90: sampling points. It is possible to
Page 91 and 92: C‐Terminal PTH (Relative)AB504030
Page 93 and 94: Chapter Five — Serum from hiberna
Page 95 and 96: Synergy HT Multi-Detection Micropla
Page 97 and 98: gene specific primers and 12.5 μL
Page 99 and 100: involved in the reduced caspase-3/7
Page 101 and 102: hibernation cycles without problem
Page 103 and 104: filtered seasonal bear serum and fo
Page 105 and 106: which is dependent upon caspase-3 a
Page 107 and 108: Caspase‐3/7 ActivityO N D J F M A
Page 109 and 110: 6Caspase‐3/7 Activity54321**0Vehi
Page 111 and 112: ABCaspase‐3/7 Activity9876543210*
Page 113 and 114: eyond the G1/S checkpoint, thus ind
Page 115 and 116: ears, it is possible that tissue se
Page 117 and 118: PTH1R, RANKL, Runx2, Smurf1, TLR4,
Page 119 and 120: factors Runx2 and OCN also increase
Page 121: Table 6.3—Gene expression 3 hour
Page 125 and 126: Cyclin D1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F
Page 127 and 128: Smurf1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A
Page 129 and 130: BAK Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 131 and 132: M‐CSF Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
Page 133 and 134: Per1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
Page 135 and 136: Akt Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 137 and 138: Bcl‐2 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
Page 139 and 140: Cyclin D1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F
Page 141 and 142: OPN Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 143 and 144: 2PTH1R Gene Expression1.510.50O N D
Page 145 and 146: TLR4 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
Page 147 and 148: Bcl‐2 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
Page 149 and 150: OCN Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 151 and 152: PTH1R Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A
Page 153 and 154: TLR4 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
Page 155 and 156: condition in renal patients in whic
Page 157 and 158: hibernation. This report brings to
Page 159 and 160: 14. Kaneps, A.J., S.M. Stover, and
Page 161 and 162: 41. Chowdhury, I., B. Tharakan, and
Page 163 and 164: 68. Ashe, M.C., et al., Bone geomet
Page 165 and 166: 95. Perrien, D.S., et al., Aging al
Page 167 and 168: 122. Lesser, R.W., et al., Renal re
Page 169 and 170: 151. Confavreux, C.B., R.L. Levine,
Page 171 and 172: 178. Toribara, T.Y., A.R. Terepka,
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206. Luo, X.H., et al., Adiponectin
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233. Florant, G.L., et al., Fat-cel
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259. Bhasin, S., et al., Older men
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284. Miura, M., et al., A crucial r
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Appendix A—Complete tables of cor
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Table A.5—Complete list of ionize
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Table A.7—Complete list of adipon
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Table A.12—Complete list of norep
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