192. Lundberg, D.A., et al., Protein metabolism in the black bear before and duringhibernation. Mayo Clin Proc, 1976. 51(11): p. 716-22.193. Klain, G.J. and B.K. Whitten, Carbon dioxide fixation during hibernation andarousal from hibernation. Comp Biochem Physiol, 1968. 25(1): p. 363-6.194. Combs, T.P., et al., Endogenous glucose production is inhibited by the adiposederivedprotein Acrp30. J Clin Invest, 2001. 108(12): p. 1875-81.195. Combs, T.P., et al., A transgenic mouse with a deletion in the collagenousdomain of adiponectin displays elevated circulating adiponectin and improvedinsulin sensitivity. Endocrinology, 2004. 145(1): p. 367-83.196. Semple, R.K., et al., Elevated plasma adiponectin in humans with geneticallydefective insulin receptors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2006. 91(8): p. 3219-23.197. Leth, H., et al., Elevated levels of high-molecular-weight adiponectin in type 1diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2008. 93(8): p. 3186-91.198. Matsubara, M., S. Maruoka, and S. Katayose, Decreased plasma adiponectinconcentrations in women with dyslipidemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2002. 87(6):p. 2764-9.199. Jurimae, J., et al., Adiponectin is associated with bone mineral density inperimenopausal women. Horm Metab Res, 2005. 37(5): p. 297-302.200. Lenchik, L., et al., Adiponectin as a novel determinant of bone mineral densityand visceral fat. Bone, 2003. 33(4): p. 646-51.201. Williams, G.A., et al., In vitro and in vivo effects of adiponectin on bone.Endocrinology, 2009. 150(8): p. 3603-10.202. Luo, X.H., et al., Adiponectin stimulates human osteoblasts proliferation anddifferentiation via the MAPK signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res, 2005. 309(1): p.99-109.203. Peng, X.D., et al., Relationships between serum adiponectin, leptin, resistin,visfatin levels and bone mineral density, and bone biochemical markers inChinese men. Clin Chim Acta, 2008. 387(1-2): p. 31-5.204. Zhang, H., et al., Relationships between serum adiponectin, apelin, leptin,resistin, visfatin levels and bone mineral density, and bone biochemical markersin postmenopausal Chinese women. J Endocrinol Invest, epub ahead of print2010.205. Wu, N., et al., Relationships between serum adiponectin, leptin concentrationsand bone mineral density, and bone biochemical markers in Chinese women.Clin Chim Acta, 2010. 411(9-10): p. 771-5.150
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EXPLORATION OF THE ROLE OF SERUM FA
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Table of contentsIndex of Figures .
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Chapter Four - Attempts to find an
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Index of figures1.1. Simplified sch
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6.17. Longitudinal analysis of OPG
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6.49. Longitudinal analysis of ColI
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A.2. Complete list of BSALP correla
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List of abbreviationsα-MEM. Alpha-
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PCR. Polymerase chain reactionPer1
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G2/M checkpoint. The point in the c
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Species names13-lined ground squirr
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Chapter One - Background and signif
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1.3 Bone turnover is unbalanced dur
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pro-apoptosis regulator BAX. An imp
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low-dose administration of parathyr
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decrease in bone trabecular thickne
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experience periodic arousals in whi
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ears must have evolved a mechanism
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1.7.6 Hypothesis 2: OCN interacts w
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ain, heart, and femoral muscle of h
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Hypothesis 3a: Serum concentrations
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were released. Behavior indicating
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2.3 ResultsSerum activity of the bo
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(p
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post-hibernation sampling in the be
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also unclear whether ucOCN may affe
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atios of intact to fragmented OCN m
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Table 2.3—Bone marker “seasonal
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Table 2.7—Chemistry panel “seas
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ABNormalized BSALPBSALP (U/L)CO N D
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Total Calcium (mg/dL)A1.21.151.11.0
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ABTotal OCN (ng/mL)150100500O N D J
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Adiponectin (ng/mL)AB40003500300025
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ABNormalized InsulinInsulin (μU/mL
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surrounding and encompassing hibern
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decreased from 788+30 ng/mL in preh
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120-122]. Most small hibernators ar
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ears. Similarly, serum NPY increase
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Table 3.2—Serum factor longitudin
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Leptin (ng/mL)ABO N D J F M A M O N
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Norepinephrine (ng/mL)A807060504030
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IGF‐1 (ng/mL)AN D J F M A MB10009
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2008. Samples were collected as des
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sampling points. It is possible to
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C‐Terminal PTH (Relative)AB504030
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Chapter Five — Serum from hiberna
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Synergy HT Multi-Detection Micropla
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gene specific primers and 12.5 μL
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involved in the reduced caspase-3/7
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hibernation cycles without problem
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filtered seasonal bear serum and fo
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which is dependent upon caspase-3 a
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Caspase‐3/7 ActivityO N D J F M A
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6Caspase‐3/7 Activity54321**0Vehi
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ABCaspase‐3/7 Activity9876543210*
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eyond the G1/S checkpoint, thus ind
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ears, it is possible that tissue se
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PTH1R, RANKL, Runx2, Smurf1, TLR4,
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factors Runx2 and OCN also increase
- Page 121 and 122: Table 6.3—Gene expression 3 hour
- Page 123 and 124: Table 6.5—Gene expression 6 day d
- Page 125 and 126: Cyclin D1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F
- Page 127 and 128: Smurf1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A
- Page 129 and 130: BAK Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
- Page 131 and 132: M‐CSF Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
- Page 133 and 134: Per1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
- Page 135 and 136: Akt Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
- Page 137 and 138: Bcl‐2 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
- Page 139 and 140: Cyclin D1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F
- Page 141 and 142: OPN Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
- Page 143 and 144: 2PTH1R Gene Expression1.510.50O N D
- Page 145 and 146: TLR4 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
- Page 147 and 148: Bcl‐2 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
- Page 149 and 150: OCN Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
- Page 151 and 152: PTH1R Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A
- Page 153 and 154: TLR4 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
- Page 155 and 156: condition in renal patients in whic
- Page 157 and 158: hibernation. This report brings to
- Page 159 and 160: 14. Kaneps, A.J., S.M. Stover, and
- Page 161 and 162: 41. Chowdhury, I., B. Tharakan, and
- Page 163 and 164: 68. Ashe, M.C., et al., Bone geomet
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- Page 167 and 168: 122. Lesser, R.W., et al., Renal re
- Page 169 and 170: 151. Confavreux, C.B., R.L. Levine,
- Page 171: 178. Toribara, T.Y., A.R. Terepka,
- Page 175 and 176: 233. Florant, G.L., et al., Fat-cel
- Page 177 and 178: 259. Bhasin, S., et al., Older men
- Page 179 and 180: 284. Miura, M., et al., A crucial r
- Page 181 and 182: Appendix A—Complete tables of cor
- Page 183 and 184: Table A.5—Complete list of ionize
- Page 185 and 186: Table A.7—Complete list of adipon
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