245. Amano, S., et al., Inhibitory effect of NPY on isoprenaline-inducedosteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow cells. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2007.1770(6): p. 966-73.246. Igwe, J.C., et al., Neuropeptide Y is expressed by osteocytes and can inhibitosteoblastic activity. J Cell Biochem, 2009. 108(3): p. 621-30.247. Stridsberg, M. and G. Lundqvist, Radioimmunoassay of neuropeptide Y (NPY) inbiological fluids. Circulating NPY levels depend on renal function. Clin Chim Acta,1989. 185(1): p. 61-71.248. Panuccio, V., et al., Neuropeptide Y and markers of osteoblast activity in dialysispatients: a cross-sectional study. Am J Kidney Dis, 2007. 50(6): p. 1001-8.249. Reid, M.S., et al., Monoaminc and metabolite levels in the cerebrospinal fluid ofhibernating and euthermic marmots. J Sleep Res, 1992. 1(1): p. 45-50.250. Mann, J.J., et al., Relationship between central and peripheral serotonin indexesin depressed and suicidal psychiatric inpatients. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1992.49(6): p. 442-6.251. Warden, S.J., et al., The emerging role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) in theskeleton and its mediation of the skeletal effects of low-density lipoproteinreceptor-related protein 5 (LRP5). Bone, 2010. 46(1): p. 4-12.252. Dark, J., et al., Noradrenaline-induced lipolysis in adipose tissue is suppressed athibernation temperatures in ground squirrels. J Neuroendocrinol, 2003. 15(5): p.451-8.253. Uslu, S., et al., Constructive effect of exogenous melatonin against osteoporosisafter ovariectomy in rats. Anal Quant Cytol Histol, 2007. 29(5): p. 317-25.254. McMillin, J.M., et al., Annual testosterone rhythm in the black bear (Ursusamericanus). Biol Reprod, 1976. 15(2): p. 163-7.255. Palmer, S.S., et al., Annual changes in serum sex steroids in male and femaleblack (Ursus americanus) and polar (Ursus maritimus) bears. Biol Reprod, 1988.38(5): p. 1044-50.256. Tsubota, T., et al., Sex steroid and prolactin profiles in male American blackbears (Ursus americanus) during denning. J Vet Med Sci, 1999. 61(1): p. 81-3.257. Wiren, K.M., et al., Targeting of androgen receptor in bone reveals a lack ofandrogen anabolic action and inhibition of osteogenesis: a model forcompartment-specific androgen action in the skeleton. Bone, 2008. 43(3): p. 440-51.258. Chen, X., et al., 17beta-estradiol combined with testosterone promotes chickenosteoblast proliferation and differentiation by accelerating the cell cycle andinhibiting apoptosis in vitro. Vet Res Commun, 2010. 34(2): p. 143-52.154
259. Bhasin, S., et al., Older men are as responsive as young men to the anaboliceffects of graded doses of testosterone on the skeletal muscle. J Clin EndocrinolMetab, 2005. 90(2): p. 678-88.260. Ahn, K.H., et al., Effect of adiponectin and sex steroid hormones on bone mineraldensity and bone formation markers in postmenopausal women with subclinicalhyperthyroidism. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2010. 36(2): p. 370-6.261. Liu, S.Z., et al., Analysis of correlation between blood biochemical indicators andbone mineral density of post-menopausal women. Mol Biol Rep, epub ahead ofprint 2010.262. Seger, R.L., Elucidating the mechanism for maintaining eucalcemia despiteimmobility and anuria in the hibernating black bear (Ursus americanus), inDepartment of Ecology and Environmental Science. 2008, <strong>University</strong> of Maine. p.96.263. D'Amour, P. and J.H. Brossard, Carboxyl-terminal parathyroid hormonefragments: role in parathyroid hormone physiopathology. Curr Opin NephrolHypertens, 2005. 14(4): p. 330-6.264. Yasuma, Y., et al., Effects of plasma from hibernating ground squirrels onmonocyte-endothelial cell adhesive interactions. Am J Physiol, 1997. 273(6 Pt 2):p. R1861-9.265. Fuster, G., et al., Antiproteolytic effects of plasma from hibernating bears: a newapproach for muscle wasting therapy? Clin Nutr, 2007. 26(5): p. 658-61.266. Abdallah, B.M., et al., Inhibition of osteoblast differentiation but not adipocytedifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by sera obtained from aged females.Bone, 2006. 39(1): p. 181-8.267. Chen, N.X., et al., Phosphorus and uremic serum up-regulate osteopontinexpression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Kidney Int, 2002. 62(5): p. 1724-31.268. Franceschi, R.T. and B.S. Iyer, Relationship between collagen synthesis andexpression of the osteoblast phenotype in MC3T3-E1 cells. J Bone Miner Res,1992. 7(2): p. 235-46.269. Pfaffl, M.W., A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-timeRT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res, 2001. 29(9): p. e45.270. Bliziotes, M., et al., Serotonin transporter and receptor expression in osteocyticMLO-Y4 cells. Bone, 2006. 39(6): p. 1313-21.271. Murrills, R.J., et al., Parathyroid hormone synergizes with non-cyclic AMPpathways to activate the cyclic AMP response element. J Cell Biochem, 2009.106(5): p. 887-95.155
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EXPLORATION OF THE ROLE OF SERUM FA
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Table of contentsIndex of Figures .
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Chapter Four - Attempts to find an
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Index of figures1.1. Simplified sch
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6.17. Longitudinal analysis of OPG
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6.49. Longitudinal analysis of ColI
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A.2. Complete list of BSALP correla
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List of abbreviationsα-MEM. Alpha-
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PCR. Polymerase chain reactionPer1
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G2/M checkpoint. The point in the c
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Species names13-lined ground squirr
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Chapter One - Background and signif
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1.3 Bone turnover is unbalanced dur
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pro-apoptosis regulator BAX. An imp
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low-dose administration of parathyr
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decrease in bone trabecular thickne
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experience periodic arousals in whi
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ears must have evolved a mechanism
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1.7.6 Hypothesis 2: OCN interacts w
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ain, heart, and femoral muscle of h
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Hypothesis 3a: Serum concentrations
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were released. Behavior indicating
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2.3 ResultsSerum activity of the bo
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(p
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post-hibernation sampling in the be
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also unclear whether ucOCN may affe
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atios of intact to fragmented OCN m
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Table 2.3—Bone marker “seasonal
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Table 2.7—Chemistry panel “seas
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ABNormalized BSALPBSALP (U/L)CO N D
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Total Calcium (mg/dL)A1.21.151.11.0
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ABTotal OCN (ng/mL)150100500O N D J
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Adiponectin (ng/mL)AB40003500300025
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ABNormalized InsulinInsulin (μU/mL
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surrounding and encompassing hibern
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decreased from 788+30 ng/mL in preh
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120-122]. Most small hibernators ar
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ears. Similarly, serum NPY increase
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Table 3.2—Serum factor longitudin
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Leptin (ng/mL)ABO N D J F M A M O N
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Norepinephrine (ng/mL)A807060504030
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IGF‐1 (ng/mL)AN D J F M A MB10009
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2008. Samples were collected as des
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sampling points. It is possible to
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C‐Terminal PTH (Relative)AB504030
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Chapter Five — Serum from hiberna
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Synergy HT Multi-Detection Micropla
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gene specific primers and 12.5 μL
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involved in the reduced caspase-3/7
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hibernation cycles without problem
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filtered seasonal bear serum and fo
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which is dependent upon caspase-3 a
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Caspase‐3/7 ActivityO N D J F M A
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6Caspase‐3/7 Activity54321**0Vehi
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ABCaspase‐3/7 Activity9876543210*
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eyond the G1/S checkpoint, thus ind
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ears, it is possible that tissue se
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PTH1R, RANKL, Runx2, Smurf1, TLR4,
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factors Runx2 and OCN also increase
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Table 6.3—Gene expression 3 hour
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Table 6.5—Gene expression 6 day d
- Page 125 and 126: Cyclin D1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F
- Page 127 and 128: Smurf1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A
- Page 129 and 130: BAK Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
- Page 131 and 132: M‐CSF Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
- Page 133 and 134: Per1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
- Page 135 and 136: Akt Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
- Page 137 and 138: Bcl‐2 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
- Page 139 and 140: Cyclin D1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F
- Page 141 and 142: OPN Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
- Page 143 and 144: 2PTH1R Gene Expression1.510.50O N D
- Page 145 and 146: TLR4 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
- Page 147 and 148: Bcl‐2 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
- Page 149 and 150: OCN Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
- Page 151 and 152: PTH1R Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A
- Page 153 and 154: TLR4 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
- Page 155 and 156: condition in renal patients in whic
- Page 157 and 158: hibernation. This report brings to
- Page 159 and 160: 14. Kaneps, A.J., S.M. Stover, and
- Page 161 and 162: 41. Chowdhury, I., B. Tharakan, and
- Page 163 and 164: 68. Ashe, M.C., et al., Bone geomet
- Page 165 and 166: 95. Perrien, D.S., et al., Aging al
- Page 167 and 168: 122. Lesser, R.W., et al., Renal re
- Page 169 and 170: 151. Confavreux, C.B., R.L. Levine,
- Page 171 and 172: 178. Toribara, T.Y., A.R. Terepka,
- Page 173 and 174: 206. Luo, X.H., et al., Adiponectin
- Page 175: 233. Florant, G.L., et al., Fat-cel
- Page 179 and 180: 284. Miura, M., et al., A crucial r
- Page 181 and 182: Appendix A—Complete tables of cor
- Page 183 and 184: Table A.5—Complete list of ionize
- Page 185 and 186: Table A.7—Complete list of adipon
- Page 187 and 188: Table A.12—Complete list of norep