C - Michigan Technological University

G2/M checkpoint. The point in the cell cycle in which certain conditions must be met inorder to switch from the gap to the mitosis phase of the cell cycle.G1/S checkpoint. The point in the cell cycle in which certain conditions must be met inorder to switch from the gap to the synthesis phase of the cell cycle.ICTP. A serum marker of bone resorption.IGF-1. A hormone which promotes bone turnover, favoring bone formation.Insulin. An energy homeostasis hormone which stimulates glucose uptake.Leptin. An energy homeostasis hormone secreted by white adipose tissue as a signal toreduce fat mass. At normal physiological levels, it has an anabolic effect onbone.MC3T3-E1. An immortalized cell line of osteoblast-like cells.M-CSF. A pro-resorptive cytokine which promotes osteoclastogenesis.Melatonin. A circadian rhythm hormone which has an anti-apoptotic effect onosteoblasts.NE. A monoamine neurotransmitter which has a catabolic effect on bone.NPY. An energy homeostasis hormone which suppresses turnover in bone.OCN. A marker of bone formation and an energy homeostasis hormone.OPG. This protein acts as a decoy receptor for RANKL, thus suppressing osteoclastactivation and bone resorption.OPN. A bone matrix protein produced by osteoblasts.Osteoclast. The cell type which resorbs bone.Osteocyte. The cell type which maintains bone and senses mechanical stimulus.Osteoblast. The cell type which forms bone.xix