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272. Mrak, E., et al., Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibits apoptosis inhuman osteoblasts by ss-catenin stabilization. J Cell Physiol, epub ahead of print2010.273. Li, H., et al., beta2- and beta3-, but not beta1-adrenergic receptors are involvedin osteogenesis of mouse mesenchymal stem cells via cAMP/PKA signaling.Arch Biochem Biophys, 2010. 496(2): p. 77-83.274. Franceschi, R.T., et al., Multiple signaling pathways converge on theCbfa1/Runx2 transcription factor to regulate osteoblast differentiation. ConnectTissue Res, 2003. 44 Suppl 1: p. 109-16.275. Tobimatsu, T., et al., Parathyroid hormone increases beta-catenin levels throughSmad3 in mouse osteoblastic cells. Endocrinology, 2006. 147(5): p. 2583-90.276. Chae, H.J., et al., Cyclic-AMP inhibits nitric oxide-induced apoptosis in humanosteoblast: the regulation of caspase-3, -6, -9 and the release of cytochrome c innitric oxide-induced apoptosis by cAMP. Biol Pharm Bull, 2001. 24(5): p. 453-60.277. Waters, K.M., et al., DNA microarray analysis reveals a role for lysophosphatidicacid in the regulation of anti-inflammatory genes in MC3T3-E1 cells. Bone, 2007.41(5): p. 833-41.278. Lajeunesse, D., et al., Influence of aluminum on the regulation of PTH- and1,25(OH)2D3-dependent pathways in the rat osteosarcoma cell line ROS 17/2.8.J Bone Miner Res, 1998. 13(6): p. 962-9.279. Radio, N.M., J.S. Doctor, and P.A. Witt-Enderby, Melatonin enhances alkalinephosphatase activity in differentiating human adult mesenchymal stem cellsgrown in osteogenic medium via MT2 melatonin receptors and the MEK/ERK(1/2) signaling cascade. J Pineal Res, 2006. 40(4): p. 332-42.280. Suzuki, A., et al., Regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity by p38 MAP kinasein response to activation of Gi protein-coupled receptors by epinephrine inosteoblast-like cells. Endocrinology, 1999. 140(7): p. 3177-82.281. Grey, A., et al., The phospholipids sphingosine-1-phosphate andlysophosphatidic acid prevent apoptosis in osteoblastic cells via a signalingpathway involving G(i) proteins and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. Endocrinology,2002. 143(12): p. 4755-63.282. Zhang, X. and L.P. Zanello, Vitamin D receptor-dependent 1 alpha,25(OH)2vitamin D3-induced anti-apoptotic PI3K/AKT signaling in osteoblasts. J BoneMiner Res, 2008. 23(8): p. 1238-48.283. Mogi, M., et al., Dual roles for NF-kappaB activation in osteoblastic cells byserum deprivation: osteoblastic apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. Bone, 2004.35(2): p. 507-16.156
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Page 1 and 2:
EXPLORATION OF THE ROLE OF SERUM FA
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Table of contentsIndex of Figures .
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Chapter Four - Attempts to find an
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Index of figures1.1. Simplified sch
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6.17. Longitudinal analysis of OPG
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6.49. Longitudinal analysis of ColI
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A.2. Complete list of BSALP correla
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List of abbreviationsα-MEM. Alpha-
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PCR. Polymerase chain reactionPer1
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G2/M checkpoint. The point in the c
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Species names13-lined ground squirr
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Chapter One - Background and signif
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1.3 Bone turnover is unbalanced dur
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pro-apoptosis regulator BAX. An imp
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low-dose administration of parathyr
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decrease in bone trabecular thickne
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experience periodic arousals in whi
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ears must have evolved a mechanism
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1.7.6 Hypothesis 2: OCN interacts w
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ain, heart, and femoral muscle of h
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Hypothesis 3a: Serum concentrations
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were released. Behavior indicating
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2.3 ResultsSerum activity of the bo
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(p
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post-hibernation sampling in the be
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also unclear whether ucOCN may affe
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atios of intact to fragmented OCN m
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Table 2.3—Bone marker “seasonal
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Table 2.7—Chemistry panel “seas
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ABNormalized BSALPBSALP (U/L)CO N D
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Total Calcium (mg/dL)A1.21.151.11.0
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ABTotal OCN (ng/mL)150100500O N D J
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Adiponectin (ng/mL)AB40003500300025
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ABNormalized InsulinInsulin (μU/mL
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surrounding and encompassing hibern
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decreased from 788+30 ng/mL in preh
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120-122]. Most small hibernators ar
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ears. Similarly, serum NPY increase
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Table 3.2—Serum factor longitudin
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Leptin (ng/mL)ABO N D J F M A M O N
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Norepinephrine (ng/mL)A807060504030
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IGF‐1 (ng/mL)AN D J F M A MB10009
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2008. Samples were collected as des
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sampling points. It is possible to
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C‐Terminal PTH (Relative)AB504030
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Chapter Five — Serum from hiberna
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Synergy HT Multi-Detection Micropla
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gene specific primers and 12.5 μL
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involved in the reduced caspase-3/7
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hibernation cycles without problem
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filtered seasonal bear serum and fo
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which is dependent upon caspase-3 a
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Caspase‐3/7 ActivityO N D J F M A
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6Caspase‐3/7 Activity54321**0Vehi
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ABCaspase‐3/7 Activity9876543210*
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eyond the G1/S checkpoint, thus ind
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ears, it is possible that tissue se
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PTH1R, RANKL, Runx2, Smurf1, TLR4,
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factors Runx2 and OCN also increase
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Table 6.3—Gene expression 3 hour
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Table 6.5—Gene expression 6 day d
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Cyclin D1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F
Page 127 and 128: Smurf1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A
Page 129 and 130: BAK Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 131 and 132: M‐CSF Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
Page 133 and 134: Per1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
Page 135 and 136: Akt Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 137 and 138: Bcl‐2 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
Page 139 and 140: Cyclin D1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F
Page 141 and 142: OPN Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 143 and 144: 2PTH1R Gene Expression1.510.50O N D
Page 145 and 146: TLR4 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
Page 147 and 148: Bcl‐2 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
Page 149 and 150: OCN Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 151 and 152: PTH1R Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A
Page 153 and 154: TLR4 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
Page 155 and 156: condition in renal patients in whic
Page 157 and 158: hibernation. This report brings to
Page 159 and 160: 14. Kaneps, A.J., S.M. Stover, and
Page 161 and 162: 41. Chowdhury, I., B. Tharakan, and
Page 163 and 164: 68. Ashe, M.C., et al., Bone geomet
Page 165 and 166: 95. Perrien, D.S., et al., Aging al
Page 167 and 168: 122. Lesser, R.W., et al., Renal re
Page 169 and 170: 151. Confavreux, C.B., R.L. Levine,
Page 171 and 172: 178. Toribara, T.Y., A.R. Terepka,
Page 173 and 174: 206. Luo, X.H., et al., Adiponectin
Page 175 and 176: 233. Florant, G.L., et al., Fat-cel
Page 177: 259. Bhasin, S., et al., Older men
Page 181 and 182: Appendix A—Complete tables of cor
Page 183 and 184: Table A.5—Complete list of ionize
Page 185 and 186: Table A.7—Complete list of adipon
Page 187 and 188: Table A.12—Complete list of norep
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