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AB50PTH (Relative)403020100N D J F M A M N D J F M A MCNormalized PTHN D J F M A MFigure 4.1—Serum PTH concentrationsSerum PTH concentrations of 2 black bears in the 2006/07 season. Vertical linesrepresent transitions between active and hibernating seasons. (A) PTH concentrationsare represented by a line for each bear. (B) Single smoothed curve represents theaverage of both bears. (C) Each PTH concentration was normalized to the average PTHconcentration for the appropriate bear for better comparison of seasonal fold changes.68
C‐Terminal PTH (Relative)AB5040302010N D J F M A M N D J F M A MCNormalized C‐Terminal PTHN D J F M A MFigure 4.2—Serum C-terminal PTH concentrationsSerum C-terminal PTH concentrations of 2 black bears in the 2006/07 season. Verticallines represent transitions between active and hibernating seasons. (A) C-terminal PTHconcentrations are represented by a line for each bear. (B) Single smoothed curverepresents the average of both bears. (C) Each C-terminal PTH concentration wasnormalized to the average C-terminal PTH concentration for the appropriate bear forbetter comparison of seasonal fold changes.69
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EXPLORATION OF THE ROLE OF SERUM FA
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Table of contentsIndex of Figures .
Page 5 and 6:
Chapter Four - Attempts to find an
Page 7 and 8:
Index of figures1.1. Simplified sch
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6.17. Longitudinal analysis of OPG
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6.49. Longitudinal analysis of ColI
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A.2. Complete list of BSALP correla
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List of abbreviationsα-MEM. Alpha-
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PCR. Polymerase chain reactionPer1
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G2/M checkpoint. The point in the c
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Species names13-lined ground squirr
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Chapter One - Background and signif
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1.3 Bone turnover is unbalanced dur
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pro-apoptosis regulator BAX. An imp
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low-dose administration of parathyr
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decrease in bone trabecular thickne
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experience periodic arousals in whi
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ears must have evolved a mechanism
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1.7.6 Hypothesis 2: OCN interacts w
Page 39 and 40: ain, heart, and femoral muscle of h
Page 41 and 42: Hypothesis 3a: Serum concentrations
Page 44: were released. Behavior indicating
Page 47 and 48: 2.3 ResultsSerum activity of the bo
Page 49 and 50: (p
Page 51 and 52: post-hibernation sampling in the be
Page 53 and 54: also unclear whether ucOCN may affe
Page 55 and 56: atios of intact to fragmented OCN m
Page 57 and 58: Table 2.3—Bone marker “seasonal
Page 59 and 60: Table 2.7—Chemistry panel “seas
Page 61 and 62: ABNormalized BSALPBSALP (U/L)CO N D
Page 63 and 64: Total Calcium (mg/dL)A1.21.151.11.0
Page 65 and 66: ABTotal OCN (ng/mL)150100500O N D J
Page 67 and 68: Adiponectin (ng/mL)AB40003500300025
Page 69 and 70: ABNormalized InsulinInsulin (μU/mL
Page 71 and 72: surrounding and encompassing hibern
Page 73 and 74: decreased from 788+30 ng/mL in preh
Page 75 and 76: 120-122]. Most small hibernators ar
Page 77 and 78: ears. Similarly, serum NPY increase
Page 79 and 80: Table 3.2—Serum factor longitudin
Page 81 and 82: Leptin (ng/mL)ABO N D J F M A M O N
Page 83 and 84: Norepinephrine (ng/mL)A807060504030
Page 85 and 86: IGF‐1 (ng/mL)AN D J F M A MB10009
Page 87 and 88: 2008. Samples were collected as des
Page 89: sampling points. It is possible to
Page 93 and 94: Chapter Five — Serum from hiberna
Page 95 and 96: Synergy HT Multi-Detection Micropla
Page 97 and 98: gene specific primers and 12.5 μL
Page 99 and 100: involved in the reduced caspase-3/7
Page 101 and 102: hibernation cycles without problem
Page 103 and 104: filtered seasonal bear serum and fo
Page 105 and 106: which is dependent upon caspase-3 a
Page 107 and 108: Caspase‐3/7 ActivityO N D J F M A
Page 109 and 110: 6Caspase‐3/7 Activity54321**0Vehi
Page 111 and 112: ABCaspase‐3/7 Activity9876543210*
Page 113 and 114: eyond the G1/S checkpoint, thus ind
Page 115 and 116: ears, it is possible that tissue se
Page 117 and 118: PTH1R, RANKL, Runx2, Smurf1, TLR4,
Page 119 and 120: factors Runx2 and OCN also increase
Page 121 and 122: Table 6.3—Gene expression 3 hour
Page 123 and 124: Table 6.5—Gene expression 6 day d
Page 125 and 126: Cyclin D1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F
Page 127 and 128: Smurf1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A
Page 129 and 130: BAK Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 131 and 132: M‐CSF Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
Page 133 and 134: Per1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
Page 135 and 136: Akt Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 137 and 138: Bcl‐2 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
Page 139 and 140: Cyclin D1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F
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OPN Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
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2PTH1R Gene Expression1.510.50O N D
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TLR4 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
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Bcl‐2 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
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OCN Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
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PTH1R Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A
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TLR4 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
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condition in renal patients in whic
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hibernation. This report brings to
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14. Kaneps, A.J., S.M. Stover, and
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41. Chowdhury, I., B. Tharakan, and
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68. Ashe, M.C., et al., Bone geomet
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95. Perrien, D.S., et al., Aging al
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122. Lesser, R.W., et al., Renal re
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151. Confavreux, C.B., R.L. Levine,
Page 171 and 172:
178. Toribara, T.Y., A.R. Terepka,
Page 173 and 174:
206. Luo, X.H., et al., Adiponectin
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233. Florant, G.L., et al., Fat-cel
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259. Bhasin, S., et al., Older men
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284. Miura, M., et al., A crucial r
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Appendix A—Complete tables of cor
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Table A.5—Complete list of ionize
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Table A.7—Complete list of adipon
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Table A.12—Complete list of norep
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