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1.6BAD Gene Expression1.41.210.80.60.40.20O N D J F M A MMonth of Serum CollectionFigure 6.45—Longitudinal analysis of BAD gene expression in cells differentiated for 6 daysin seasonal bear serumMC3T3-E1 cells were differentiated in seasonal bear serum for 6 days, followed by real-timePCR quantification of relative gene expression. Each point represents the gene expressionresponse from one serum sample. Vertical lines represent transitions between active andhibernating seasons. Samples are from 2 black bears in the 2006/07 season.BAX Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MMonth of Serum CollectionFigure 6.46—Longitudinal analysis of BAX gene expression in cells differentiated for 6 daysin seasonal bear serumMC3T3-E1 cells were differentiated in seasonal bear serum for 6 days, followed by real-timePCR quantification of relative gene expression. Each point represents the gene expressionresponse from one serum sample. Vertical lines represent transitions between active andhibernating seasons. Samples are from 2 black bears in the 2006/07 season.124
Bcl‐2 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MMonth of Serum CollectionFigure 6.47—Longitudinal analysis of Bcl-2 gene expression in cells differentiated for 6 daysin seasonal bear serumMC3T3-E1 cells were differentiated in seasonal bear serum for 6 days, followed by real-timePCR quantification of relative gene expression. Each point represents the gene expressionresponse from one serum sample. Vertical lines represent transitions between active andhibernating seasons. Samples are from 2 black bears in the 2006/07 season.2.5c‐fos Gene Expression21.510.50O N D J F M A MMonth of Serum CollectionFigure 6.48—Longitudinal analysis of c-fos gene expression in cells differentiated for 6 daysin seasonal bear serumMC3T3-E1 cells were differentiated in seasonal bear serum for 6 days, followed by real-timePCR quantification of relative gene expression. Each point represents the gene expressionresponse from one serum sample. Vertical lines represent transitions between active andhibernating seasons. Samples are from 2 black bears in the 2006/07 season.125
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EXPLORATION OF THE ROLE OF SERUM FA
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Table of contentsIndex of Figures .
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Chapter Four - Attempts to find an
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Index of figures1.1. Simplified sch
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6.17. Longitudinal analysis of OPG
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6.49. Longitudinal analysis of ColI
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A.2. Complete list of BSALP correla
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List of abbreviationsα-MEM. Alpha-
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PCR. Polymerase chain reactionPer1
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G2/M checkpoint. The point in the c
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Species names13-lined ground squirr
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Chapter One - Background and signif
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1.3 Bone turnover is unbalanced dur
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pro-apoptosis regulator BAX. An imp
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low-dose administration of parathyr
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decrease in bone trabecular thickne
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experience periodic arousals in whi
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ears must have evolved a mechanism
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1.7.6 Hypothesis 2: OCN interacts w
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ain, heart, and femoral muscle of h
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Hypothesis 3a: Serum concentrations
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were released. Behavior indicating
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2.3 ResultsSerum activity of the bo
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(p
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post-hibernation sampling in the be
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also unclear whether ucOCN may affe
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atios of intact to fragmented OCN m
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Table 2.3—Bone marker “seasonal
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Table 2.7—Chemistry panel “seas
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ABNormalized BSALPBSALP (U/L)CO N D
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Total Calcium (mg/dL)A1.21.151.11.0
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ABTotal OCN (ng/mL)150100500O N D J
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Adiponectin (ng/mL)AB40003500300025
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ABNormalized InsulinInsulin (μU/mL
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surrounding and encompassing hibern
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decreased from 788+30 ng/mL in preh
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120-122]. Most small hibernators ar
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ears. Similarly, serum NPY increase
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Table 3.2—Serum factor longitudin
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Leptin (ng/mL)ABO N D J F M A M O N
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Norepinephrine (ng/mL)A807060504030
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IGF‐1 (ng/mL)AN D J F M A MB10009
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2008. Samples were collected as des
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sampling points. It is possible to
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C‐Terminal PTH (Relative)AB504030
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Chapter Five — Serum from hiberna
Page 95 and 96: Synergy HT Multi-Detection Micropla
Page 97 and 98: gene specific primers and 12.5 μL
Page 99 and 100: involved in the reduced caspase-3/7
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Page 105 and 106: which is dependent upon caspase-3 a
Page 107 and 108: Caspase‐3/7 ActivityO N D J F M A
Page 109 and 110: 6Caspase‐3/7 Activity54321**0Vehi
Page 111 and 112: ABCaspase‐3/7 Activity9876543210*
Page 113 and 114: eyond the G1/S checkpoint, thus ind
Page 115 and 116: ears, it is possible that tissue se
Page 117 and 118: PTH1R, RANKL, Runx2, Smurf1, TLR4,
Page 119 and 120: factors Runx2 and OCN also increase
Page 121 and 122: Table 6.3—Gene expression 3 hour
Page 123 and 124: Table 6.5—Gene expression 6 day d
Page 125 and 126: Cyclin D1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F
Page 127 and 128: Smurf1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A
Page 129 and 130: BAK Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 131 and 132: M‐CSF Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
Page 133 and 134: Per1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
Page 135 and 136: Akt Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 137 and 138: Bcl‐2 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
Page 139 and 140: Cyclin D1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F
Page 141 and 142: OPN Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 143 and 144: 2PTH1R Gene Expression1.510.50O N D
Page 145: TLR4 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
Page 149 and 150: OCN Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 151 and 152: PTH1R Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A
Page 153 and 154: TLR4 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
Page 155 and 156: condition in renal patients in whic
Page 157 and 158: hibernation. This report brings to
Page 159 and 160: 14. Kaneps, A.J., S.M. Stover, and
Page 161 and 162: 41. Chowdhury, I., B. Tharakan, and
Page 163 and 164: 68. Ashe, M.C., et al., Bone geomet
Page 165 and 166: 95. Perrien, D.S., et al., Aging al
Page 167 and 168: 122. Lesser, R.W., et al., Renal re
Page 169 and 170: 151. Confavreux, C.B., R.L. Levine,
Page 171 and 172: 178. Toribara, T.Y., A.R. Terepka,
Page 173 and 174: 206. Luo, X.H., et al., Adiponectin
Page 175 and 176: 233. Florant, G.L., et al., Fat-cel
Page 177 and 178: 259. Bhasin, S., et al., Older men
Page 179 and 180: 284. Miura, M., et al., A crucial r
Page 181 and 182: Appendix A—Complete tables of cor
Page 183 and 184: Table A.5—Complete list of ionize
Page 185 and 186: Table A.7—Complete list of adipon
Page 187 and 188: Table A.12—Complete list of norep
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