mammalian hibernators and other stress-tolerant vertebrates. Apoptosis, 2010.15(3): p. 386-99.164. Cai, D., et al., Akt phosphorylation and kinase activity are down-regulated duringhibernation in the 13-lined ground squirrel. Brain Res, 2004. 1014(1-2): p. 14-21.165. Eddy, S.F. and K.B. Storey, Differential expression of Akt, PPARgamma, andPGC-1 during hibernation in bats. Biochem Cell Biol, 2003. 81(4): p. 269-74.166. Hillion, J.A., et al., Involvement of Akt in preconditioning-induced tolerance toischemia in PC12 cells. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2006. 26(10): p. 1323-31.167. Kops, G.J., et al., Forkhead transcription factor FOXO3a protects quiescent cellsfrom oxidative stress. Nature, 2002. 419(6904): p. 316-21.168. Sato, T., et al., Testicular dynamics in Syrian hamsters exposed to both shortphotoperiod and low ambient temperature. Anat Histol Embryol, 2005. 34(4): p.220-4.169. Cerri, S., et al., Cell proliferation and death in the brain of active and hibernatingfrogs. J Anat, 2009. 215(2): p. 124-31.170. Hassager, C., et al., The carboxy-terminal pyridinoline cross-linked telopeptide oftype I collagen in serum as a marker of bone resorption: the effect of nandrolonedecanoate and hormone replacement therapy. Calcif Tissue Int, 1994. 54(1): p.30-3.171. Eriksen, E.F., et al., Serum markers of type I collagen formation and degradationin metabolic bone disease: correlation with bone histomorphometry. J BoneMiner Res, 1993. 8(2): p. 127-32.172. Sadowski, J.A., et al., Phylloquinone in plasma from elderly and young adults:factors influencing its concentration. Am J Clin Nutr, 1989. 50(1): p. 100-8.173. Donahue, S.W., et al., Hibernating bears as a model for preventing disuseosteoporosis. J Biomech, 2006. 39(8): p. 1480-8.174. McGee, M.E., et al., Black bear femoral geometry and cortical porosity are notadversely affected by ageing despite annual periods of disuse (hibernation). JAnat, 2007. 210(2): p. 160-9.175. Zerwekh, J.E., et al., The effects of twelve weeks of bed rest on bone histology,biochemical markers of bone turnover, and calcium homeostasis in elevennormal subjects. J Bone Miner Res, 1998. 13(10): p. 1594-601.176. Shackelford, L.C., et al., Resistance exercise as a countermeasure to disuseinducedbone loss. J Appl Physiol, 2004. 97(1): p. 119-29.177. Loken, H.F., et al., Ultracentrifugal analysis of protein-bound and free calcium inhuman serum. J Biol Chem, 1960. 235: p. 3654-8.148
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EXPLORATION OF THE ROLE OF SERUM FA
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Table of contentsIndex of Figures .
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Chapter Four - Attempts to find an
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Index of figures1.1. Simplified sch
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6.17. Longitudinal analysis of OPG
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6.49. Longitudinal analysis of ColI
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A.2. Complete list of BSALP correla
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List of abbreviationsα-MEM. Alpha-
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PCR. Polymerase chain reactionPer1
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G2/M checkpoint. The point in the c
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Species names13-lined ground squirr
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Chapter One - Background and signif
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1.3 Bone turnover is unbalanced dur
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pro-apoptosis regulator BAX. An imp
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low-dose administration of parathyr
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decrease in bone trabecular thickne
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experience periodic arousals in whi
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ears must have evolved a mechanism
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1.7.6 Hypothesis 2: OCN interacts w
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ain, heart, and femoral muscle of h
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Hypothesis 3a: Serum concentrations
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were released. Behavior indicating
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2.3 ResultsSerum activity of the bo
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(p
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post-hibernation sampling in the be
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also unclear whether ucOCN may affe
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atios of intact to fragmented OCN m
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Table 2.3—Bone marker “seasonal
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Table 2.7—Chemistry panel “seas
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ABNormalized BSALPBSALP (U/L)CO N D
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Total Calcium (mg/dL)A1.21.151.11.0
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ABTotal OCN (ng/mL)150100500O N D J
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Adiponectin (ng/mL)AB40003500300025
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ABNormalized InsulinInsulin (μU/mL
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surrounding and encompassing hibern
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decreased from 788+30 ng/mL in preh
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120-122]. Most small hibernators ar
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ears. Similarly, serum NPY increase
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Table 3.2—Serum factor longitudin
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Leptin (ng/mL)ABO N D J F M A M O N
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Norepinephrine (ng/mL)A807060504030
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IGF‐1 (ng/mL)AN D J F M A MB10009
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2008. Samples were collected as des
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sampling points. It is possible to
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C‐Terminal PTH (Relative)AB504030
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Chapter Five — Serum from hiberna
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Synergy HT Multi-Detection Micropla
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gene specific primers and 12.5 μL
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involved in the reduced caspase-3/7
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hibernation cycles without problem
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filtered seasonal bear serum and fo
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which is dependent upon caspase-3 a
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Caspase‐3/7 ActivityO N D J F M A
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6Caspase‐3/7 Activity54321**0Vehi
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ABCaspase‐3/7 Activity9876543210*
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eyond the G1/S checkpoint, thus ind
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ears, it is possible that tissue se
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PTH1R, RANKL, Runx2, Smurf1, TLR4,
- Page 119 and 120: factors Runx2 and OCN also increase
- Page 121 and 122: Table 6.3—Gene expression 3 hour
- Page 123 and 124: Table 6.5—Gene expression 6 day d
- Page 125 and 126: Cyclin D1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F
- Page 127 and 128: Smurf1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A
- Page 129 and 130: BAK Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
- Page 131 and 132: M‐CSF Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
- Page 133 and 134: Per1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
- Page 135 and 136: Akt Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
- Page 137 and 138: Bcl‐2 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
- Page 139 and 140: Cyclin D1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F
- Page 141 and 142: OPN Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
- Page 143 and 144: 2PTH1R Gene Expression1.510.50O N D
- Page 145 and 146: TLR4 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
- Page 147 and 148: Bcl‐2 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
- Page 149 and 150: OCN Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
- Page 151 and 152: PTH1R Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A
- Page 153 and 154: TLR4 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
- Page 155 and 156: condition in renal patients in whic
- Page 157 and 158: hibernation. This report brings to
- Page 159 and 160: 14. Kaneps, A.J., S.M. Stover, and
- Page 161 and 162: 41. Chowdhury, I., B. Tharakan, and
- Page 163 and 164: 68. Ashe, M.C., et al., Bone geomet
- Page 165 and 166: 95. Perrien, D.S., et al., Aging al
- Page 167 and 168: 122. Lesser, R.W., et al., Renal re
- Page 169: 151. Confavreux, C.B., R.L. Levine,
- Page 173 and 174: 206. Luo, X.H., et al., Adiponectin
- Page 175 and 176: 233. Florant, G.L., et al., Fat-cel
- Page 177 and 178: 259. Bhasin, S., et al., Older men
- Page 179 and 180: 284. Miura, M., et al., A crucial r
- Page 181 and 182: Appendix A—Complete tables of cor
- Page 183 and 184: Table A.5—Complete list of ionize
- Page 185 and 186: Table A.7—Complete list of adipon
- Page 187 and 188: Table A.12—Complete list of norep