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220. Kondo, H., et al., Unloading induces osteoblastic cell suppression andosteoclastic cell activation to lead to bone loss via sympathetic nervous system. JBiol Chem, 2005. 280(34): p. 30192-200.221. Li, S.H., et al., The stimulatory effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 on theproliferation, differentiation, and mineralisation of osteoblastic cells from Holsteincattle. Vet J, 2009. 179(3): p. 430-6.222. Slootweg, M.C., et al., Osteoclast formation together with interleukin-6 productionin mouse long bones is increased by insulin-like growth factor-I. J Endocrinol,1992. 132(3): p. 433-8.223. Mochizuki, H., et al., Insulin-like growth factor-I supports formation and activationof osteoclasts. Endocrinology, 1992. 131(3): p. 1075-80.224. Hill, P.A., J.J. Reynolds, and M.C. Meikle, Osteoblasts mediate insulin-likegrowth factor-I and -II stimulation of osteoclast formation and function.Endocrinology, 1995. 136(1): p. 124-31.225. Donahoo, W.T., et al., Leptin increases skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase andpostprandial lipid metabolism in mice. Metabolism, epub ahead of print 2010.226. Akasaka, Y., et al., Direct evidence for leptin-induced lipid oxidation independentof long-form leptin receptor. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2010. 1801(10): p. 1115-1122.227. Maffei, M., et al., Leptin levels in human and rodent: measurement of plasmaleptin and ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects. Nat Med, 1995. 1(11):p. 1155-61.228. Considine, R.V., et al., Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normalweightand obese humans. N Engl J Med, 1996. 334(5): p. 292-5.229. Dagogo-Jack, S., et al., Plasma leptin and insulin relationships in obese andnonobese humans. Diabetes, 1996. 45(5): p. 695-8.230. Marie, M., et al., Daily patterns of plasma leptin in sheep: effects of photoperiodand food intake. J Endocrinol, 2001. 170(1): p. 277-86.231. Kronfeld-Schor, N., et al., Dissociation of leptin secretion and adiposity duringprehibernatory fattening in little brown bats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr CompPhysiol, 2000. 279(4): p. R1277-81.232. Nieminen, P., J. Asikainen, and H. Hyvarinen, Effects of seasonality and fastingon the plasma leptin and thyroxin levels of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutesprocyonoides) and the blue fox (Alopex lagopus). J Exp Zool, 2001. 289(2): p.109-18.152
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Page 1 and 2:
EXPLORATION OF THE ROLE OF SERUM FA
Page 3 and 4:
Table of contentsIndex of Figures .
Page 5 and 6:
Chapter Four - Attempts to find an
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Index of figures1.1. Simplified sch
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6.17. Longitudinal analysis of OPG
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6.49. Longitudinal analysis of ColI
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A.2. Complete list of BSALP correla
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List of abbreviationsα-MEM. Alpha-
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PCR. Polymerase chain reactionPer1
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G2/M checkpoint. The point in the c
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Species names13-lined ground squirr
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Chapter One - Background and signif
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1.3 Bone turnover is unbalanced dur
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pro-apoptosis regulator BAX. An imp
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low-dose administration of parathyr
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decrease in bone trabecular thickne
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experience periodic arousals in whi
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ears must have evolved a mechanism
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1.7.6 Hypothesis 2: OCN interacts w
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ain, heart, and femoral muscle of h
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Hypothesis 3a: Serum concentrations
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were released. Behavior indicating
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2.3 ResultsSerum activity of the bo
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(p
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post-hibernation sampling in the be
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also unclear whether ucOCN may affe
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atios of intact to fragmented OCN m
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Table 2.3—Bone marker “seasonal
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Table 2.7—Chemistry panel “seas
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ABNormalized BSALPBSALP (U/L)CO N D
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Total Calcium (mg/dL)A1.21.151.11.0
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ABTotal OCN (ng/mL)150100500O N D J
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Adiponectin (ng/mL)AB40003500300025
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ABNormalized InsulinInsulin (μU/mL
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surrounding and encompassing hibern
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decreased from 788+30 ng/mL in preh
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120-122]. Most small hibernators ar
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ears. Similarly, serum NPY increase
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Table 3.2—Serum factor longitudin
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Leptin (ng/mL)ABO N D J F M A M O N
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Norepinephrine (ng/mL)A807060504030
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IGF‐1 (ng/mL)AN D J F M A MB10009
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2008. Samples were collected as des
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sampling points. It is possible to
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C‐Terminal PTH (Relative)AB504030
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Chapter Five — Serum from hiberna
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Synergy HT Multi-Detection Micropla
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gene specific primers and 12.5 μL
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involved in the reduced caspase-3/7
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hibernation cycles without problem
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filtered seasonal bear serum and fo
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which is dependent upon caspase-3 a
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Caspase‐3/7 ActivityO N D J F M A
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6Caspase‐3/7 Activity54321**0Vehi
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ABCaspase‐3/7 Activity9876543210*
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eyond the G1/S checkpoint, thus ind
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ears, it is possible that tissue se
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PTH1R, RANKL, Runx2, Smurf1, TLR4,
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factors Runx2 and OCN also increase
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Table 6.3—Gene expression 3 hour
Page 123 and 124: Table 6.5—Gene expression 6 day d
Page 125 and 126: Cyclin D1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F
Page 127 and 128: Smurf1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A
Page 129 and 130: BAK Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 131 and 132: M‐CSF Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
Page 133 and 134: Per1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
Page 135 and 136: Akt Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 137 and 138: Bcl‐2 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
Page 139 and 140: Cyclin D1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F
Page 141 and 142: OPN Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 143 and 144: 2PTH1R Gene Expression1.510.50O N D
Page 145 and 146: TLR4 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
Page 147 and 148: Bcl‐2 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
Page 149 and 150: OCN Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 151 and 152: PTH1R Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A
Page 153 and 154: TLR4 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
Page 155 and 156: condition in renal patients in whic
Page 157 and 158: hibernation. This report brings to
Page 159 and 160: 14. Kaneps, A.J., S.M. Stover, and
Page 161 and 162: 41. Chowdhury, I., B. Tharakan, and
Page 163 and 164: 68. Ashe, M.C., et al., Bone geomet
Page 165 and 166: 95. Perrien, D.S., et al., Aging al
Page 167 and 168: 122. Lesser, R.W., et al., Renal re
Page 169 and 170: 151. Confavreux, C.B., R.L. Levine,
Page 171 and 172: 178. Toribara, T.Y., A.R. Terepka,
Page 173: 206. Luo, X.H., et al., Adiponectin
Page 177 and 178: 259. Bhasin, S., et al., Older men
Page 179 and 180: 284. Miura, M., et al., A crucial r
Page 181 and 182: Appendix A—Complete tables of cor
Page 183 and 184: Table A.5—Complete list of ionize
Page 185 and 186: Table A.7—Complete list of adipon
Page 187 and 188: Table A.12—Complete list of norep
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