81. Thomas, T., et al., Architectural modifications and cellular response duringdisuse-related bone loss in calcaneus of the sheep. J Appl Physiol, 1996. 80(1):p. 198-202.82. Delguste, C., et al., Pharmacological effects of tiludronate in horses after longtermimmobilization. Bone, 2007. 41(3): p. 414-21.83. Williams, D.F., L.F. Gore, and G.C. Clark, Quantitative microradiography ofcortical bone in disuse osteoporosis following fracture fixation. Biomaterials,1983. 4(4): p. 285-8.84. Waters, D.J., D.D. Caywood, and R.T. Turner, Effect of tamoxifen citrate oncanine immobilization (disuse) osteoporosis. Vet Surg, 1991. 20(6): p. 392-6.85. Grynpas, M.D., et al., The effect of pamidronate in a new model of immobilizationin the dog. Bone, 1995. 17(4 Suppl): p. 225S-232S.86. Wronski, T.J. and E.R. Morey, Inhibition of cortical and trabecular bone formationin the long bones of immobilized monkeys. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1983(181): p.269-76.87. Young, D.R., et al., Immobilization-associated osteoporosis in primates. Bone,1986. 7(2): p. 109-17.88. Young, D.R., W.J. Niklowitz, and C.R. Steele, Tibial changes in experimentaldisuse osteoporosis in the monkey. Calcif Tissue Int, 1983. 35(3): p. 304-8.89. Zerath, E., et al., Effects of spaceflight on bone mineralization in the rhesusmonkey. J Appl Physiol, 1996. 81(1): p. 194-200.90. Abram, A.C., T.S. Keller, and D.M. Spengler, The effects of simulatedweightlessness on bone biomechanical and biochemical properties in thematuring rat. J Biomech, 1988. 21(9): p. 755-67.91. Barou, O., et al., Bisphosphonate effects in rat unloaded hindlimb bone lossmodel: three-dimensional microcomputed tomographic, histomorphometric, anddensitometric analyses. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 1999. 291(1): p. 321-8.92. Barou, O., et al., High-resolution three-dimensional micro-computed tomographydetects bone loss and changes in trabecular architecture early: comparison withDEXA and bone histomorphometry in a rat model of disuse osteoporosis. InvestRadiol, 2002. 37(1): p. 40-6.93. Bloomfield, S.A., et al., Site- and compartment-specific changes in bone withhindlimb unloading in mature adult rats. Bone, 2002. 31(1): p. 149-57.94. Hefferan, T.E., et al., Effect of gender on bone turnover in adult rats duringsimulated weightlessness. J Appl Physiol, 2003. 95(5): p. 1775-80.142
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EXPLORATION OF THE ROLE OF SERUM FA
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Table of contentsIndex of Figures .
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Chapter Four - Attempts to find an
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Index of figures1.1. Simplified sch
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6.17. Longitudinal analysis of OPG
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6.49. Longitudinal analysis of ColI
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A.2. Complete list of BSALP correla
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List of abbreviationsα-MEM. Alpha-
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PCR. Polymerase chain reactionPer1
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G2/M checkpoint. The point in the c
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Species names13-lined ground squirr
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Chapter One - Background and signif
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1.3 Bone turnover is unbalanced dur
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pro-apoptosis regulator BAX. An imp
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low-dose administration of parathyr
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decrease in bone trabecular thickne
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experience periodic arousals in whi
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ears must have evolved a mechanism
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1.7.6 Hypothesis 2: OCN interacts w
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ain, heart, and femoral muscle of h
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Hypothesis 3a: Serum concentrations
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were released. Behavior indicating
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2.3 ResultsSerum activity of the bo
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(p
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post-hibernation sampling in the be
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also unclear whether ucOCN may affe
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atios of intact to fragmented OCN m
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Table 2.3—Bone marker “seasonal
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Table 2.7—Chemistry panel “seas
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ABNormalized BSALPBSALP (U/L)CO N D
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Total Calcium (mg/dL)A1.21.151.11.0
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ABTotal OCN (ng/mL)150100500O N D J
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Adiponectin (ng/mL)AB40003500300025
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ABNormalized InsulinInsulin (μU/mL
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surrounding and encompassing hibern
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decreased from 788+30 ng/mL in preh
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120-122]. Most small hibernators ar
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ears. Similarly, serum NPY increase
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Table 3.2—Serum factor longitudin
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Leptin (ng/mL)ABO N D J F M A M O N
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Norepinephrine (ng/mL)A807060504030
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IGF‐1 (ng/mL)AN D J F M A MB10009
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2008. Samples were collected as des
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sampling points. It is possible to
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C‐Terminal PTH (Relative)AB504030
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Chapter Five — Serum from hiberna
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Synergy HT Multi-Detection Micropla
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gene specific primers and 12.5 μL
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involved in the reduced caspase-3/7
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hibernation cycles without problem
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filtered seasonal bear serum and fo
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which is dependent upon caspase-3 a
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Caspase‐3/7 ActivityO N D J F M A
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6Caspase‐3/7 Activity54321**0Vehi
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ABCaspase‐3/7 Activity9876543210*
- Page 113 and 114: eyond the G1/S checkpoint, thus ind
- Page 115 and 116: ears, it is possible that tissue se
- Page 117 and 118: PTH1R, RANKL, Runx2, Smurf1, TLR4,
- Page 119 and 120: factors Runx2 and OCN also increase
- Page 121 and 122: Table 6.3—Gene expression 3 hour
- Page 123 and 124: Table 6.5—Gene expression 6 day d
- Page 125 and 126: Cyclin D1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F
- Page 127 and 128: Smurf1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A
- Page 129 and 130: BAK Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
- Page 131 and 132: M‐CSF Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
- Page 133 and 134: Per1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
- Page 135 and 136: Akt Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
- Page 137 and 138: Bcl‐2 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
- Page 139 and 140: Cyclin D1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F
- Page 141 and 142: OPN Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
- Page 143 and 144: 2PTH1R Gene Expression1.510.50O N D
- Page 145 and 146: TLR4 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
- Page 147 and 148: Bcl‐2 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
- Page 149 and 150: OCN Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
- Page 151 and 152: PTH1R Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A
- Page 153 and 154: TLR4 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
- Page 155 and 156: condition in renal patients in whic
- Page 157 and 158: hibernation. This report brings to
- Page 159 and 160: 14. Kaneps, A.J., S.M. Stover, and
- Page 161 and 162: 41. Chowdhury, I., B. Tharakan, and
- Page 163: 68. Ashe, M.C., et al., Bone geomet
- Page 167 and 168: 122. Lesser, R.W., et al., Renal re
- Page 169 and 170: 151. Confavreux, C.B., R.L. Levine,
- Page 171 and 172: 178. Toribara, T.Y., A.R. Terepka,
- Page 173 and 174: 206. Luo, X.H., et al., Adiponectin
- Page 175 and 176: 233. Florant, G.L., et al., Fat-cel
- Page 177 and 178: 259. Bhasin, S., et al., Older men
- Page 179 and 180: 284. Miura, M., et al., A crucial r
- Page 181 and 182: Appendix A—Complete tables of cor
- Page 183 and 184: Table A.5—Complete list of ionize
- Page 185 and 186: Table A.7—Complete list of adipon
- Page 187 and 188: Table A.12—Complete list of norep