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245. Amano, S., et al., Inhibitory effect of NPY on isoprenaline-inducedosteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow cells. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2007.1770(6): p. 966-73.246. Igwe, J.C., et al., Neuropeptide Y is expressed by osteocytes and can inhibitosteoblastic activity. J Cell Biochem, 2009. 108(3): p. 621-30.247. Stridsberg, M. and G. Lundqvist, Radioimmunoassay of neuropeptide Y (NPY) inbiological fluids. Circulating NPY levels depend on renal function. Clin Chim Acta,1989. 185(1): p. 61-71.248. Panuccio, V., et al., Neuropeptide Y and markers of osteoblast activity in dialysispatients: a cross-sectional study. Am J Kidney Dis, 2007. 50(6): p. 1001-8.249. Reid, M.S., et al., Monoaminc and metabolite levels in the cerebrospinal fluid ofhibernating and euthermic marmots. J Sleep Res, 1992. 1(1): p. 45-50.250. Mann, J.J., et al., Relationship between central and peripheral serotonin indexesin depressed and suicidal psychiatric inpatients. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1992.49(6): p. 442-6.251. Warden, S.J., et al., The emerging role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) in theskeleton and its mediation of the skeletal effects of low-density lipoproteinreceptor-related protein 5 (LRP5). Bone, 2010. 46(1): p. 4-12.252. Dark, J., et al., Noradrenaline-induced lipolysis in adipose tissue is suppressed athibernation temperatures in ground squirrels. J Neuroendocrinol, 2003. 15(5): p.451-8.253. Uslu, S., et al., Constructive effect of exogenous melatonin against osteoporosisafter ovariectomy in rats. Anal Quant Cytol Histol, 2007. 29(5): p. 317-25.254. McMillin, J.M., et al., Annual testosterone rhythm in the black bear (Ursusamericanus). Biol Reprod, 1976. 15(2): p. 163-7.255. Palmer, S.S., et al., Annual changes in serum sex steroids in male and femaleblack (Ursus americanus) and polar (Ursus maritimus) bears. Biol Reprod, 1988.38(5): p. 1044-50.256. Tsubota, T., et al., Sex steroid and prolactin profiles in male American blackbears (Ursus americanus) during denning. J Vet Med Sci, 1999. 61(1): p. 81-3.257. Wiren, K.M., et al., Targeting of androgen receptor in bone reveals a lack ofandrogen anabolic action and inhibition of osteogenesis: a model forcompartment-specific androgen action in the skeleton. Bone, 2008. 43(3): p. 440-51.258. Chen, X., et al., 17beta-estradiol combined with testosterone promotes chickenosteoblast proliferation and differentiation by accelerating the cell cycle andinhibiting apoptosis in vitro. Vet Res Commun, 2010. 34(2): p. 143-52.154
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Page 1 and 2:
EXPLORATION OF THE ROLE OF SERUM FA
Page 3 and 4:
Table of contentsIndex of Figures .
Page 5 and 6:
Chapter Four - Attempts to find an
Page 7 and 8:
Index of figures1.1. Simplified sch
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6.17. Longitudinal analysis of OPG
Page 11 and 12:
6.49. Longitudinal analysis of ColI
Page 13 and 14:
A.2. Complete list of BSALP correla
Page 15 and 16:
List of abbreviationsα-MEM. Alpha-
Page 17 and 18:
PCR. Polymerase chain reactionPer1
Page 19 and 20:
G2/M checkpoint. The point in the c
Page 21 and 22:
Species names13-lined ground squirr
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Chapter One - Background and signif
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1.3 Bone turnover is unbalanced dur
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pro-apoptosis regulator BAX. An imp
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low-dose administration of parathyr
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decrease in bone trabecular thickne
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experience periodic arousals in whi
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ears must have evolved a mechanism
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1.7.6 Hypothesis 2: OCN interacts w
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ain, heart, and femoral muscle of h
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Hypothesis 3a: Serum concentrations
Page 44:
were released. Behavior indicating
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2.3 ResultsSerum activity of the bo
Page 49 and 50:
(p
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post-hibernation sampling in the be
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also unclear whether ucOCN may affe
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atios of intact to fragmented OCN m
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Table 2.3—Bone marker “seasonal
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Table 2.7—Chemistry panel “seas
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ABNormalized BSALPBSALP (U/L)CO N D
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Total Calcium (mg/dL)A1.21.151.11.0
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ABTotal OCN (ng/mL)150100500O N D J
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Adiponectin (ng/mL)AB40003500300025
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ABNormalized InsulinInsulin (μU/mL
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surrounding and encompassing hibern
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decreased from 788+30 ng/mL in preh
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120-122]. Most small hibernators ar
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ears. Similarly, serum NPY increase
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Table 3.2—Serum factor longitudin
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Leptin (ng/mL)ABO N D J F M A M O N
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Norepinephrine (ng/mL)A807060504030
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IGF‐1 (ng/mL)AN D J F M A MB10009
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2008. Samples were collected as des
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sampling points. It is possible to
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C‐Terminal PTH (Relative)AB504030
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Chapter Five — Serum from hiberna
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Synergy HT Multi-Detection Micropla
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gene specific primers and 12.5 μL
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involved in the reduced caspase-3/7
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hibernation cycles without problem
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filtered seasonal bear serum and fo
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which is dependent upon caspase-3 a
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Caspase‐3/7 ActivityO N D J F M A
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6Caspase‐3/7 Activity54321**0Vehi
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ABCaspase‐3/7 Activity9876543210*
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eyond the G1/S checkpoint, thus ind
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ears, it is possible that tissue se
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PTH1R, RANKL, Runx2, Smurf1, TLR4,
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factors Runx2 and OCN also increase
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Table 6.3—Gene expression 3 hour
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Table 6.5—Gene expression 6 day d
Page 125 and 126: Cyclin D1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F
Page 127 and 128: Smurf1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A
Page 129 and 130: BAK Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 131 and 132: M‐CSF Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
Page 133 and 134: Per1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
Page 135 and 136: Akt Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 137 and 138: Bcl‐2 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
Page 139 and 140: Cyclin D1 Gene ExpressionO N D J F
Page 141 and 142: OPN Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 143 and 144: 2PTH1R Gene Expression1.510.50O N D
Page 145 and 146: TLR4 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
Page 147 and 148: Bcl‐2 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M
Page 149 and 150: OCN Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A MM
Page 151 and 152: PTH1R Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A
Page 153 and 154: TLR4 Gene ExpressionO N D J F M A M
Page 155 and 156: condition in renal patients in whic
Page 157 and 158: hibernation. This report brings to
Page 159 and 160: 14. Kaneps, A.J., S.M. Stover, and
Page 161 and 162: 41. Chowdhury, I., B. Tharakan, and
Page 163 and 164: 68. Ashe, M.C., et al., Bone geomet
Page 165 and 166: 95. Perrien, D.S., et al., Aging al
Page 167 and 168: 122. Lesser, R.W., et al., Renal re
Page 169 and 170: 151. Confavreux, C.B., R.L. Levine,
Page 171 and 172: 178. Toribara, T.Y., A.R. Terepka,
Page 173 and 174: 206. Luo, X.H., et al., Adiponectin
Page 175: 233. Florant, G.L., et al., Fat-cel
Page 179 and 180: 284. Miura, M., et al., A crucial r
Page 181 and 182: Appendix A—Complete tables of cor
Page 183 and 184: Table A.5—Complete list of ionize
Page 185 and 186: Table A.7—Complete list of adipon
Page 187 and 188: Table A.12—Complete list of norep
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