Agroindustrial project analysi

THE PROCESSING FACTOR 155For more complex projects, other network diagramming techniques-such as the Critical Path Method (cPM) or Project Evaluation andReview Technique (PERT)-might be used. 4 4 In formulating or reviewingthe implementation schedule, the analyst should keep inmind the seasonal nature of the agroindustry's raw material. Thetiming of this availability sets basic temporal parameters for thestart of production.PROJECT ENGINEERING. The project's investments, production design,and organization should be based on detailed engineering, thedegree and sophistication of which will depend on the size andnature of the undertaking. UNIDO has indicated the following chartsand layouts as typically useful:4* General functional layouts. These show the relations amongequipment, buildings, and civil works.* Materials flow diagrams. Such charts show the direction andquantities of all inputs (for example, materials, supplies, andutilities) and outputs (for example, intermediate and final products,by-products, and emissions) throughout the plant; foragroindustries it is useful to extend these diagrams backthrough raw material procurement, especially if the product ishighly perishable and may require special preprocessing treatment.* Production-line diagrams. These show the location, equipmentspecifications, space requirements, utilities requirements, andmounting device sizes for each processing stage.* Transport layouts. These diagrams show the distances andmodes of transport inputs and outputs to, within, and from theproduction line.* Utility consumption layouts. These show the location andquantity of utility requirements for the purpose of guidinginstallation and calculating costs.44. See United Nations, Programming and Control of Implementation of IndustrialProjects in Developing Countries, ID/SER.L/1, Sales no. 70.II.B.18;and The Initiation and Implementation of Industrial Projects in DevelopingCountries: A Systematic Approach, ID/146, Sales no. 75.II.B.2 (New York,1970 and 1975, respectively).45. UNIDO, Manual for the Preparation of Industrial Feasibility Studies, pp.108-09.