Analyzing the âPhotographic Evidenceâ of the Nanking Massacre

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Photos 43 and 44, both in RBS, are captioned “Hankou” and the “scene ofShanghai’s Nantao burning as it was set afire by the Japanese,” respectively. As forPhoto 44, however, it originally appeared in Mainichi-ban shina jihen gahō, no. 11, datedDecember 1, 1937. The RBS version was inverted from the original. In addition, thecaption attached to the original reads, “Mopping-up operation in Shanghai: A large fireerupts in the Pudong area.”Photo 43: RBS captions this image only as “Hankou.”Photo 44:RBS caption of this image reads, “Sceneof Shanghai’s Nantao district burning asit was set afire by the Japanese.” Thisis actually an inverted version of PhotoA in Asahi-ban shina-jihen gahō, no. 11,1 December 1937.Photo A114
WMRB introduces Photo 45-51 as scenes following a bombing. The caption ofPhoto 45 says that these girls were looking for their parents in the ruins in the aftermathof the bombing. An enlarged version of this picture is among the materials preserved atthe GMD history archives in Taiwan. Other images are captioned as the following:Photo 46: “Widows and orphans wandering around”Photos 47-48: “Civilian residences destroyed by the bombing”Photo 49: “Japanese planes locked on to the targets and bombed them”Photo 50: “District court in Tianjin”Photo 51: “Target bombed by enemy planes: shelter of a Christian church inZhuzhou.”Since the scenes after the bombing are easily recognizable, they were notcaptioned as photos shot in Nanking. WMRB includes them in Chapter 5, where theevents in Nanking are not the topic.Photos 45-51: WMRB photographs. As for Photo 45, an identical photograph is among the filesof the GMD party archives in Taipei. Photo 47 was printed upside down inWMRB.Photo 45115
Page 1 and 2:
Analyzing the “Photographic Evide
Page 3 and 4:
List of AbbreviationsCCPGMDICNSZIMT
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heard about the Rape of Nanking. I
Page 7 and 8:
Discovery of a “top secret” GMD
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only in the Chinese edition of Timp
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Photos C and D, which appeared in t
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Nanking massacre was published with
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Chapter 1: Realities of the Battle
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August 12, the Chinese army’s for
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Crisscrossed runningcanals.” Mans
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“Death-defying aerial photograph
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Sunday, November 28: Wang Gupan, ch
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Zhonghua Gate. Viewphotographed fro
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Escape of garrison commander TangTh
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Soldiers shouting “banzai” on t
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soldiers from civilians. Again, thi
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For example, combatants who are cap
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Graph: Nihon no senreki [Mainichi G
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An important fact is that the Japan
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the city.Given the non-occurrence o
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Victory ceremony in front of the GM
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Nanking Citizens Relinquishes Anti-
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I heard a hymn accompanied by an or
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Children riding mules in front ofNa
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with Chinese staff members of the s
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One week after the fall of Nanking.
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Peddlers wishing to trade withJapan
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My mission was to visit the office
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Chapter: The First “Photographic
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Analyses of Group A photographs1. S
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Contemporary Japanese publications,
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Of course, the image of a lone infa
Page 65 and 66: Photos D and E are in a booklet ent
Page 67 and 68: (c) Bombing of the USS PanayRBS lis
Page 69 and 70: Photos C and D: The Panay sinking i
Page 71 and 72: about-to-take-place beheading was a
Page 73 and 74: (a) Four military personnel at the
Page 75 and 76: of a living person posing for the c
Page 77 and 78: Apart from this speculation, anothe
Page 79 and 80: 8. Apparently, no one in uniform ha
Page 81 and 82: the quote above makes it clear that
Page 83 and 84: Photo A: A clip of Photo 13 as prin
Page 85 and 86: Photo 15: “Shatou.” The first a
Page 87 and 88: Formation of thegroundPhoto C: “P
Page 89 and 90: Four identical individuals are show
Page 91 and 92: As for Chiang Kai-shek and his GMD,
Page 93 and 94: 3. Still Images of Dead BodiesIf th
Page 95 and 96: Timperly may well have selected thi
Page 97 and 98: According to the RBS’s caption,
Page 99 and 100: Photos 26-28:RBS was the first sour
Page 101 and 102: One can easily point out difference
Page 103 and 104: Shanghai. Several photos I saw when
Page 105 and 106: In 1998, however, Hata Ikuhiko unea
Page 107 and 108: Photo E: Asahi Graph, 10 November 1
Page 109 and 110: Photo I: The original of Photo 36 w
Page 111 and 112: Photo J: This is the original of Ph
Page 113 and 114: however, stated that the girl in th
Page 115: Group B photographs: Photographs th
Page 119 and 120: Photo 48Photo 49117
Page 121 and 122: According to the caption of Photo 5
Page 123 and 124: Agnes Smedley describes how the Com
Page 125 and 126: Photo 58Photo 59Photo 60123
Page 127 and 128: The RBS caption of Photo 62 says,
Page 129 and 130: Conclusion: Composite, Play-up, Rep
Page 131 and 132: The following sources made referenc
Page 133 and 134: Horizontal and vertical ratio of th
Page 135 and 136: Photo 133
Page 137 and 138: have not been seen by anyone else u
Page 139 and 140: 137
Page 141 and 142: The same background as the “origi
Page 143 and 144: Photo G Photo F Photo CPhoto C: RON
Page 145 and 146: “Courtesy of Marion Fitch”RON-Y
Page 147 and 148: some 50 photographs which he had ta
Page 149 and 150: Fitch Photos -(21)Photo 93 Photo 91
Page 151 and 152: Photo B Photo A Photo 84Photos 84 a
Page 153 and 154: Photo 88Photo 88: An identical phot
Page 155 and 156: and 90, one may assume that the pho
Page 157 and 158: Forty-five years later, however, Na
Page 159 and 160: Japanese side. But [the unearthed m
Page 161 and 162: (2) Alleged murder of childrenAmong
Page 163 and 164: It is Carl Mydans, an American in C
Page 165 and 166: inspired anti-Japanese sentiment am
Page 167 and 168:
Another notable fact is that a sold
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military have appeared in several N
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Photo 102Photo 102: One of the phot
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Photo PPhoto OPhoto O: Watashi no j
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In one case a [Communist] Party mem
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In view of such a Chinese tradition
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army’s conduct after its entry in
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Photo 108Photo 108: “[C]hildren b
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Photo UPhoto U: Type-94 light armor
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Army rose near Zhonghua Gate.” Ju
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(11) Images of Shanghai re-captione
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Chapter 4: Misleading use of the Ph
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* Magee photo (1)Magee’s film (MF
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* Magee photo (3)MF: Group of women
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This photograph has been cited as e
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(d) Ulterior motive behind the incl
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discrepancy between the realities i
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Photo 126Photo 126: RON-YY, which f
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Images Photographed by the Westerne
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As for Photo 130, RON-YY said, “O
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Photo A Photo 131Photo 131: Second
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and she found the following passage
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Images Photographed by the Japanese
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Photo 134Photo 134: Zusetsu Shōwa
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Photo FPhoto DPhoto EPhotos D and E
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much larger number POWs obeyed a sm
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Photo IPhoto 136Photo I: Fukyoka sh
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As for Nihon no shinryaku: Chūgoku
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Shanxi Province, and Nomonhan durin
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half open. Since Murase most likely
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Map 2Map 2: “Assault on Nanking.
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Photo N: A photograph among the rec
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emoved them away from the shore to
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find an old man lying on the ground
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spring or summer time—as illustra
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correspondents who assisted in the
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e-captioned pieces. This publicatio
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Analyzing the âPhotographic Evidenceâ of the Nanking Massacre

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Analyzing the âPhotographic Evidenceâ of the Nanking Massacre