Analyzing the âPhotographic Evidenceâ of the Nanking Massacre

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Japanese soldiers on their way back to their quarters.They have Chinese men helping to transport purchased food.Photographed 20 January 1938. Shina-jihen shashin zenshū, vol. 2, p. 157.Scenes of Nanking after January 1938.“In prayer for fallen warriors of both Japan and China.”Shashin shūhō [Picture Weekly], no. 26, 10 August 1938, p. 13.50
Peddlers wishing to trade withJapanese soldiers on a Nankingstreet.”Mainichi-ban shina jihen gahō, no.17, 1 February 1938, p. 31.Outside of Guanghua Gate.Photographed by correspondent Oka,21 March 1938.” Asahi-ban shinajihen gahō, no. 16, p. 31.51
Page 1 and 2: Analyzing the “Photographic Evide
Page 3 and 4: List of AbbreviationsCCPGMDICNSZIMT
Page 5 and 6: heard about the Rape of Nanking. I
Page 7 and 8: Discovery of a “top secret” GMD
Page 9 and 10: only in the Chinese edition of Timp
Page 11 and 12: Photos C and D, which appeared in t
Page 13 and 14: Nanking massacre was published with
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1: Realities of the Battle
Page 17 and 18: August 12, the Chinese army’s for
Page 19 and 20: Crisscrossed runningcanals.” Mans
Page 21 and 22: “Death-defying aerial photograph
Page 23 and 24: Sunday, November 28: Wang Gupan, ch
Page 25 and 26: Zhonghua Gate. Viewphotographed fro
Page 27 and 28: Escape of garrison commander TangTh
Page 29 and 30: Soldiers shouting “banzai” on t
Page 31 and 32: soldiers from civilians. Again, thi
Page 33 and 34: For example, combatants who are cap
Page 35 and 36: Graph: Nihon no senreki [Mainichi G
Page 37 and 38: An important fact is that the Japan
Page 39 and 40: the city.Given the non-occurrence o
Page 41 and 42: Victory ceremony in front of the GM
Page 43 and 44: Nanking Citizens Relinquishes Anti-
Page 45 and 46: I heard a hymn accompanied by an or
Page 47 and 48: Children riding mules in front ofNa
Page 49 and 50: with Chinese staff members of the s
Page 51: One week after the fall of Nanking.
Page 55 and 56: My mission was to visit the office
Page 57 and 58: Chapter: The First “Photographic
Page 59 and 60: Analyses of Group A photographs1. S
Page 61 and 62: Contemporary Japanese publications,
Page 63 and 64: Of course, the image of a lone infa
Page 65 and 66: Photos D and E are in a booklet ent
Page 67 and 68: (c) Bombing of the USS PanayRBS lis
Page 69 and 70: Photos C and D: The Panay sinking i
Page 71 and 72: about-to-take-place beheading was a
Page 73 and 74: (a) Four military personnel at the
Page 75 and 76: of a living person posing for the c
Page 77 and 78: Apart from this speculation, anothe
Page 79 and 80: 8. Apparently, no one in uniform ha
Page 81 and 82: the quote above makes it clear that
Page 83 and 84: Photo A: A clip of Photo 13 as prin
Page 85 and 86: Photo 15: “Shatou.” The first a
Page 87 and 88: Formation of thegroundPhoto C: “P
Page 89 and 90: Four identical individuals are show
Page 91 and 92: As for Chiang Kai-shek and his GMD,
Page 93 and 94: 3. Still Images of Dead BodiesIf th
Page 95 and 96: Timperly may well have selected thi
Page 97 and 98: According to the RBS’s caption,
Page 99 and 100: Photos 26-28:RBS was the first sour
Page 101 and 102: One can easily point out difference
Page 103 and 104:
Shanghai. Several photos I saw when
Page 105 and 106:
In 1998, however, Hata Ikuhiko unea
Page 107 and 108:
Photo E: Asahi Graph, 10 November 1
Page 109 and 110:
Photo I: The original of Photo 36 w
Page 111 and 112:
Photo J: This is the original of Ph
Page 113 and 114:
however, stated that the girl in th
Page 115 and 116:
Group B photographs: Photographs th
Page 117 and 118:
WMRB introduces Photo 45-51 as scen
Page 119 and 120:
Photo 48Photo 49117
Page 121 and 122:
According to the caption of Photo 5
Page 123 and 124:
Agnes Smedley describes how the Com
Page 125 and 126:
Photo 58Photo 59Photo 60123
Page 127 and 128:
The RBS caption of Photo 62 says,
Page 129 and 130:
Conclusion: Composite, Play-up, Rep
Page 131 and 132:
The following sources made referenc
Page 133 and 134:
Horizontal and vertical ratio of th
Page 135 and 136:
Photo 133
Page 137 and 138:
have not been seen by anyone else u
Page 139 and 140:
137
Page 141 and 142:
The same background as the “origi
Page 143 and 144:
Photo G Photo F Photo CPhoto C: RON
Page 145 and 146:
“Courtesy of Marion Fitch”RON-Y
Page 147 and 148:
some 50 photographs which he had ta
Page 149 and 150:
Fitch Photos -(21)Photo 93 Photo 91
Page 151 and 152:
Photo B Photo A Photo 84Photos 84 a
Page 153 and 154:
Photo 88Photo 88: An identical phot
Page 155 and 156:
and 90, one may assume that the pho
Page 157 and 158:
Forty-five years later, however, Na
Page 159 and 160:
Japanese side. But [the unearthed m
Page 161 and 162:
(2) Alleged murder of childrenAmong
Page 163 and 164:
It is Carl Mydans, an American in C
Page 165 and 166:
inspired anti-Japanese sentiment am
Page 167 and 168:
Another notable fact is that a sold
Page 169 and 170:
military have appeared in several N
Page 171 and 172:
Photo 102Photo 102: One of the phot
Page 173 and 174:
Photo PPhoto OPhoto O: Watashi no j
Page 175 and 176:
In one case a [Communist] Party mem
Page 177 and 178:
In view of such a Chinese tradition
Page 179 and 180:
army’s conduct after its entry in
Page 181 and 182:
Photo 108Photo 108: “[C]hildren b
Page 183 and 184:
Photo UPhoto U: Type-94 light armor
Page 185 and 186:
Army rose near Zhonghua Gate.” Ju
Page 187 and 188:
(11) Images of Shanghai re-captione
Page 189 and 190:
Chapter 4: Misleading use of the Ph
Page 191 and 192:
* Magee photo (1)Magee’s film (MF
Page 193 and 194:
* Magee photo (3)MF: Group of women
Page 195 and 196:
This photograph has been cited as e
Page 197 and 198:
(d) Ulterior motive behind the incl
Page 199 and 200:
discrepancy between the realities i
Page 201 and 202:
Photo 126Photo 126: RON-YY, which f
Page 203 and 204:
Images Photographed by the Westerne
Page 205 and 206:
As for Photo 130, RON-YY said, “O
Page 207 and 208:
Photo A Photo 131Photo 131: Second
Page 209 and 210:
and she found the following passage
Page 211 and 212:
Images Photographed by the Japanese
Page 213 and 214:
Photo 134Photo 134: Zusetsu Shōwa
Page 215 and 216:
Photo FPhoto DPhoto EPhotos D and E
Page 217 and 218:
much larger number POWs obeyed a sm
Page 219 and 220:
Photo IPhoto 136Photo I: Fukyoka sh
Page 221 and 222:
As for Nihon no shinryaku: Chūgoku
Page 223 and 224:
Shanxi Province, and Nomonhan durin
Page 225 and 226:
half open. Since Murase most likely
Page 227 and 228:
Map 2Map 2: “Assault on Nanking.
Page 229 and 230:
Photo N: A photograph among the rec
Page 231 and 232:
emoved them away from the shore to
Page 233 and 234:
find an old man lying on the ground
Page 235 and 236:
spring or summer time—as illustra
Page 237 and 238:
correspondents who assisted in the
Page 239:
e-captioned pieces. This publicatio
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Analyzing the âPhotographic Evidenceâ of the Nanking Massacre