Analyzing the âPhotographic Evidenceâ of the Nanking Massacre

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One may even speculate that the editors of RON-YY inserted this credit to makethese photographs appear more credible as evidence.Photo 123Photo 124Photos 123-24: Credited with “Rev. John G. Magee” in RON-YY, p. 144-45.Images Photographed by the Westerners (2): Photographs of Archibald SteeleArchibald Steele was a correspondent of the Chicago Daily News. Upon hisdeparture from Nanking on December 15, 1937, he wired his “Nanking Massacre Story,”which became front-page news on the same day issue of the Chicago Daily News. Thecontent of the article, however, resembles the first chapter of Timperly’s What War Meansmost likely because his news source was Miner S. Bates, who actually penned that verychapter of Timperly’s book. Recent research has also revealed that there was a wide195
discrepancy between the realities in Nanking on the one hand and what Steele described inhis article on the other. (See Nankin “gyakustsu” kenkyū no saizensen, 2003 issue, p.275.)The research team identified 13 photographs of Steele. Of these 13, two were notthe scenes of Nanking as Steele himself said. Of the remaining 11 which he took inNanking, six depict locations in front of the Zhonghua Gate. Somehow, none of thesephotographs appeared in his articles on the paper. RON-YY, however, used these photoPhoto D Photo 125Photos 125 and D: RON-YY, p. 44. Both of them—Photo 125 as printed in RON-YY, p.44, and Photo D, included in Nankin-jiken shiryō-shū (I)—depict the Zhonghua Gatealthough the latter source incorrectly identifies this as the Zhongshan Gate. The identicalChinese ideograph is seen painted on the wall in both images.196
Page 1 and 2:
Analyzing the “Photographic Evide
Page 3 and 4:
List of AbbreviationsCCPGMDICNSZIMT
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heard about the Rape of Nanking. I
Page 7 and 8:
Discovery of a “top secret” GMD
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only in the Chinese edition of Timp
Page 11 and 12:
Photos C and D, which appeared in t
Page 13 and 14:
Nanking massacre was published with
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Chapter 1: Realities of the Battle
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August 12, the Chinese army’s for
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Crisscrossed runningcanals.” Mans
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“Death-defying aerial photograph
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Sunday, November 28: Wang Gupan, ch
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Zhonghua Gate. Viewphotographed fro
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Escape of garrison commander TangTh
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Soldiers shouting “banzai” on t
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soldiers from civilians. Again, thi
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For example, combatants who are cap
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Graph: Nihon no senreki [Mainichi G
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An important fact is that the Japan
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the city.Given the non-occurrence o
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Victory ceremony in front of the GM
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Nanking Citizens Relinquishes Anti-
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I heard a hymn accompanied by an or
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Children riding mules in front ofNa
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with Chinese staff members of the s
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One week after the fall of Nanking.
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Peddlers wishing to trade withJapan
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My mission was to visit the office
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Chapter: The First “Photographic
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Analyses of Group A photographs1. S
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Contemporary Japanese publications,
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Of course, the image of a lone infa
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Photos D and E are in a booklet ent
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(c) Bombing of the USS PanayRBS lis
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Photos C and D: The Panay sinking i
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about-to-take-place beheading was a
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(a) Four military personnel at the
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of a living person posing for the c
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Apart from this speculation, anothe
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8. Apparently, no one in uniform ha
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the quote above makes it clear that
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Photo A: A clip of Photo 13 as prin
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Photo 15: “Shatou.” The first a
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Formation of thegroundPhoto C: “P
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Four identical individuals are show
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As for Chiang Kai-shek and his GMD,
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3. Still Images of Dead BodiesIf th
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Timperly may well have selected thi
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According to the RBS’s caption,
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Photos 26-28:RBS was the first sour
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One can easily point out difference
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Shanghai. Several photos I saw when
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In 1998, however, Hata Ikuhiko unea
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Photo E: Asahi Graph, 10 November 1
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Photo I: The original of Photo 36 w
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Photo J: This is the original of Ph
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however, stated that the girl in th
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Group B photographs: Photographs th
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WMRB introduces Photo 45-51 as scen
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Photo 48Photo 49117
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According to the caption of Photo 5
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Agnes Smedley describes how the Com
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Photo 58Photo 59Photo 60123
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The RBS caption of Photo 62 says,
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Conclusion: Composite, Play-up, Rep
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The following sources made referenc
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Horizontal and vertical ratio of th
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Photo 133
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have not been seen by anyone else u
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137
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The same background as the “origi
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Photo G Photo F Photo CPhoto C: RON
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“Courtesy of Marion Fitch”RON-Y
Page 147 and 148: some 50 photographs which he had ta
Page 149 and 150: Fitch Photos -(21)Photo 93 Photo 91
Page 151 and 152: Photo B Photo A Photo 84Photos 84 a
Page 153 and 154: Photo 88Photo 88: An identical phot
Page 155 and 156: and 90, one may assume that the pho
Page 157 and 158: Forty-five years later, however, Na
Page 159 and 160: Japanese side. But [the unearthed m
Page 161 and 162: (2) Alleged murder of childrenAmong
Page 163 and 164: It is Carl Mydans, an American in C
Page 165 and 166: inspired anti-Japanese sentiment am
Page 167 and 168: Another notable fact is that a sold
Page 169 and 170: military have appeared in several N
Page 171 and 172: Photo 102Photo 102: One of the phot
Page 173 and 174: Photo PPhoto OPhoto O: Watashi no j
Page 175 and 176: In one case a [Communist] Party mem
Page 177 and 178: In view of such a Chinese tradition
Page 179 and 180: army’s conduct after its entry in
Page 181 and 182: Photo 108Photo 108: “[C]hildren b
Page 183 and 184: Photo UPhoto U: Type-94 light armor
Page 185 and 186: Army rose near Zhonghua Gate.” Ju
Page 187 and 188: (11) Images of Shanghai re-captione
Page 189 and 190: Chapter 4: Misleading use of the Ph
Page 191 and 192: * Magee photo (1)Magee’s film (MF
Page 193 and 194: * Magee photo (3)MF: Group of women
Page 195 and 196: This photograph has been cited as e
Page 197: (d) Ulterior motive behind the incl
Page 201 and 202: Photo 126Photo 126: RON-YY, which f
Page 203 and 204: Images Photographed by the Westerne
Page 205 and 206: As for Photo 130, RON-YY said, “O
Page 207 and 208: Photo A Photo 131Photo 131: Second
Page 209 and 210: and she found the following passage
Page 211 and 212: Images Photographed by the Japanese
Page 213 and 214: Photo 134Photo 134: Zusetsu Shōwa
Page 215 and 216: Photo FPhoto DPhoto EPhotos D and E
Page 217 and 218: much larger number POWs obeyed a sm
Page 219 and 220: Photo IPhoto 136Photo I: Fukyoka sh
Page 221 and 222: As for Nihon no shinryaku: Chūgoku
Page 223 and 224: Shanxi Province, and Nomonhan durin
Page 225 and 226: half open. Since Murase most likely
Page 227 and 228: Map 2Map 2: “Assault on Nanking.
Page 229 and 230: Photo N: A photograph among the rec
Page 231 and 232: emoved them away from the shore to
Page 233 and 234: find an old man lying on the ground
Page 235 and 236: spring or summer time—as illustra
Page 237 and 238: correspondents who assisted in the
Page 239: e-captioned pieces. This publicatio
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Analyzing the âPhotographic Evidenceâ of the Nanking Massacre