Analyzing the âPhotographic Evidenceâ of the Nanking Massacre

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these were the bodies of the Chinese soldiers killed in Shanghezhen or in Xiakuan, there isno evidence to prove that the Japanese army had massacred them unlawfully. It was moreprobable that they were casualties of a legitimate combat action.Photo 141An article featuring Second Lieutenant Akaboshi Takashi in the January 14, 1938, issue ofthe Kagoshima Nichinichi Newspaper.Photo 141: Watashi no jūgun Chūgoku sensen, p. 49.Those who live in peace time today may well be critical of the merciless nature ofthe Japanese army’s military action if they see its aftermaths as shown on thesephotographs. But it happened on the battlefield which a cruel rule governed—if theJapanese had not fought fiercely, they would have suffered more losses.To conclude the discussion of the Murase photographs showing dead bodies closeto the river shore, another photograph—Photo 141, which has appeared alongside withPhoto 138 in most published sources—should be subjected to scrutiny as well.If one is convinced that Photo 138 is a snapshot of massacred victims, one is likelyto interpret the scene shown on Photo 141 as the Japanese attempt to cover up the trace oftheir atrocity by removing the bodies off shore.The reality was that the Japanese army had no way but to carry the corpses awayfrom the shore since these human remains on the Yangzi river bank were difficult to betransported to the land. Not only because of the heart-wrenching appearance of thesesoulless bodies but also because of sanitary reason, the Japanese troops on board boats227
emoved them away from the shore to the midstream. According to the recollections ofSergeants Fujita Kiyoshi and Arai Toshiharu as quoted in Nankin senshi [History of theNanking battle], they witnessed two “privately owned boats” chartered by soldiers of anengineering unit dragging the dead bodies away from the Yangzi shore on December 17.They noted that it was estimated to take 15 days to complete all the work. There is yetanother photograph—Photo 142—that captured such a work in progress. RON-YY’scaption says Ide Junji—a war correspondent attached to the 8 th aviationbattalion—photographed this image.Photo 142Photo 142: RON-YY’s caption of this photograph identifies its photographer as “Japanesemilitary journalist Junji Ide.”Photo 143228
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Analyzing the “Photographic Evide
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List of AbbreviationsCCPGMDICNSZIMT
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heard about the Rape of Nanking. I
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Discovery of a “top secret” GMD
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only in the Chinese edition of Timp
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Photos C and D, which appeared in t
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Nanking massacre was published with
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Chapter 1: Realities of the Battle
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August 12, the Chinese army’s for
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Crisscrossed runningcanals.” Mans
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“Death-defying aerial photograph
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Sunday, November 28: Wang Gupan, ch
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Zhonghua Gate. Viewphotographed fro
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Escape of garrison commander TangTh
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Soldiers shouting “banzai” on t
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soldiers from civilians. Again, thi
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For example, combatants who are cap
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Graph: Nihon no senreki [Mainichi G
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An important fact is that the Japan
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the city.Given the non-occurrence o
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Victory ceremony in front of the GM
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Nanking Citizens Relinquishes Anti-
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I heard a hymn accompanied by an or
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Children riding mules in front ofNa
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with Chinese staff members of the s
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One week after the fall of Nanking.
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Peddlers wishing to trade withJapan
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My mission was to visit the office
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Chapter: The First “Photographic
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Analyses of Group A photographs1. S
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Contemporary Japanese publications,
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Of course, the image of a lone infa
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Photos D and E are in a booklet ent
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(c) Bombing of the USS PanayRBS lis
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Photos C and D: The Panay sinking i
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about-to-take-place beheading was a
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(a) Four military personnel at the
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of a living person posing for the c
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Apart from this speculation, anothe
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8. Apparently, no one in uniform ha
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the quote above makes it clear that
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Photo A: A clip of Photo 13 as prin
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Photo 15: “Shatou.” The first a
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Formation of thegroundPhoto C: “P
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Four identical individuals are show
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As for Chiang Kai-shek and his GMD,
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3. Still Images of Dead BodiesIf th
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Timperly may well have selected thi
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According to the RBS’s caption,
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Photos 26-28:RBS was the first sour
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One can easily point out difference
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Shanghai. Several photos I saw when
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In 1998, however, Hata Ikuhiko unea
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Photo E: Asahi Graph, 10 November 1
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Photo I: The original of Photo 36 w
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Photo J: This is the original of Ph
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however, stated that the girl in th
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Group B photographs: Photographs th
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WMRB introduces Photo 45-51 as scen
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Photo 48Photo 49117
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According to the caption of Photo 5
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Agnes Smedley describes how the Com
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Photo 58Photo 59Photo 60123
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The RBS caption of Photo 62 says,
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Conclusion: Composite, Play-up, Rep
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The following sources made referenc
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Horizontal and vertical ratio of th
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Photo 133
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have not been seen by anyone else u
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137
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The same background as the “origi
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Photo G Photo F Photo CPhoto C: RON
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“Courtesy of Marion Fitch”RON-Y
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some 50 photographs which he had ta
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Fitch Photos -(21)Photo 93 Photo 91
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Photo B Photo A Photo 84Photos 84 a
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Photo 88Photo 88: An identical phot
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and 90, one may assume that the pho
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Forty-five years later, however, Na
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Japanese side. But [the unearthed m
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(2) Alleged murder of childrenAmong
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It is Carl Mydans, an American in C
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inspired anti-Japanese sentiment am
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Another notable fact is that a sold
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military have appeared in several N
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Photo 102Photo 102: One of the phot
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Photo PPhoto OPhoto O: Watashi no j
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In one case a [Communist] Party mem
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In view of such a Chinese tradition
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Page 181 and 182: Photo 108Photo 108: “[C]hildren b
Page 183 and 184: Photo UPhoto U: Type-94 light armor
Page 185 and 186: Army rose near Zhonghua Gate.” Ju
Page 187 and 188: (11) Images of Shanghai re-captione
Page 189 and 190: Chapter 4: Misleading use of the Ph
Page 191 and 192: * Magee photo (1)Magee’s film (MF
Page 193 and 194: * Magee photo (3)MF: Group of women
Page 195 and 196: This photograph has been cited as e
Page 197 and 198: (d) Ulterior motive behind the incl
Page 199 and 200: discrepancy between the realities i
Page 201 and 202: Photo 126Photo 126: RON-YY, which f
Page 203 and 204: Images Photographed by the Westerne
Page 205 and 206: As for Photo 130, RON-YY said, “O
Page 207 and 208: Photo A Photo 131Photo 131: Second
Page 209 and 210: and she found the following passage
Page 211 and 212: Images Photographed by the Japanese
Page 213 and 214: Photo 134Photo 134: Zusetsu Shōwa
Page 215 and 216: Photo FPhoto DPhoto EPhotos D and E
Page 217 and 218: much larger number POWs obeyed a sm
Page 219 and 220: Photo IPhoto 136Photo I: Fukyoka sh
Page 221 and 222: As for Nihon no shinryaku: Chūgoku
Page 223 and 224: Shanxi Province, and Nomonhan durin
Page 225 and 226: half open. Since Murase most likely
Page 227 and 228: Map 2Map 2: “Assault on Nanking.
Page 229: Photo N: A photograph among the rec
Page 233 and 234: find an old man lying on the ground
Page 235 and 236: spring or summer time—as illustra
Page 237 and 238: correspondents who assisted in the
Page 239: e-captioned pieces. This publicatio
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Analyzing the âPhotographic Evidenceâ of the Nanking Massacre

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Analyzing the âPhotographic Evidenceâ of the Nanking Massacre