Analyzing the âPhotographic Evidenceâ of the Nanking Massacre

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dumped in a pond.” One wonders why the authors printed a modified image in RON-YYand speculate that the authors considered the inclusion of the two swimming individuals inthe photograph to be detrimental to their ulterior motive.In Photo 68, the breast pocket of the man’s uniform is located lower than that of areal Japanese army uniform. Photo 77, which was reprinted in QINHUA, shows manydead bodies, beyond which are a horse and a soldier. If this image had been used asevidence at the military court in Nanking in 1947, it should have been in wider use sincethen. In fact, it reappeared in QINHUA for the first time in the mid-1980s.Photo H Photo 76 Photo IPhoto 76: One of the “16 Photographs”Photo H: RON-YY, p. 48Photo I: Ni Meijianguo de Lishi Zhaopian, p. 24.142
“Courtesy of Marion Fitch”RON-YY includes a total of 21 images with the credit “Courtesy of Marion Fitch.”Marion Fitch was the oldest daughter of George A. Fitch, a missionary who, along withJohn G. Magee, was in Nanking to witness the Japanese occupation. Of the photographs,however, seven photographs overlap with those already featured in the preceding chapter.The Fitch photos, marked as , , , , , , and , correspond to Photos 8, 29,31, 38, 25, 15, and 14, respectively. If these were genuinely in the possession of MarionFitch, one may speculate that she provided these overlapping images to the editors of RBSand WMRB.143
Page 1 and 2:
Analyzing the “Photographic Evide
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List of AbbreviationsCCPGMDICNSZIMT
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heard about the Rape of Nanking. I
Page 7 and 8:
Discovery of a “top secret” GMD
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only in the Chinese edition of Timp
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Photos C and D, which appeared in t
Page 13 and 14:
Nanking massacre was published with
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Chapter 1: Realities of the Battle
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August 12, the Chinese army’s for
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Crisscrossed runningcanals.” Mans
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“Death-defying aerial photograph
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Sunday, November 28: Wang Gupan, ch
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Zhonghua Gate. Viewphotographed fro
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Escape of garrison commander TangTh
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Soldiers shouting “banzai” on t
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soldiers from civilians. Again, thi
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For example, combatants who are cap
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Graph: Nihon no senreki [Mainichi G
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An important fact is that the Japan
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the city.Given the non-occurrence o
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Victory ceremony in front of the GM
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Nanking Citizens Relinquishes Anti-
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I heard a hymn accompanied by an or
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Children riding mules in front ofNa
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with Chinese staff members of the s
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One week after the fall of Nanking.
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Peddlers wishing to trade withJapan
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My mission was to visit the office
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Chapter: The First “Photographic
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Analyses of Group A photographs1. S
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Contemporary Japanese publications,
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Of course, the image of a lone infa
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Photos D and E are in a booklet ent
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(c) Bombing of the USS PanayRBS lis
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Photos C and D: The Panay sinking i
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about-to-take-place beheading was a
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(a) Four military personnel at the
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of a living person posing for the c
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Apart from this speculation, anothe
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8. Apparently, no one in uniform ha
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the quote above makes it clear that
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Photo A: A clip of Photo 13 as prin
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Photo 15: “Shatou.” The first a
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Formation of thegroundPhoto C: “P
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Four identical individuals are show
Page 91 and 92:
As for Chiang Kai-shek and his GMD,
Page 93 and 94: 3. Still Images of Dead BodiesIf th
Page 95 and 96: Timperly may well have selected thi
Page 97 and 98: According to the RBS’s caption,
Page 99 and 100: Photos 26-28:RBS was the first sour
Page 101 and 102: One can easily point out difference
Page 103 and 104: Shanghai. Several photos I saw when
Page 105 and 106: In 1998, however, Hata Ikuhiko unea
Page 107 and 108: Photo E: Asahi Graph, 10 November 1
Page 109 and 110: Photo I: The original of Photo 36 w
Page 111 and 112: Photo J: This is the original of Ph
Page 113 and 114: however, stated that the girl in th
Page 115 and 116: Group B photographs: Photographs th
Page 117 and 118: WMRB introduces Photo 45-51 as scen
Page 119 and 120: Photo 48Photo 49117
Page 121 and 122: According to the caption of Photo 5
Page 123 and 124: Agnes Smedley describes how the Com
Page 125 and 126: Photo 58Photo 59Photo 60123
Page 127 and 128: The RBS caption of Photo 62 says,
Page 129 and 130: Conclusion: Composite, Play-up, Rep
Page 131 and 132: The following sources made referenc
Page 133 and 134: Horizontal and vertical ratio of th
Page 135 and 136: Photo 133
Page 137 and 138: have not been seen by anyone else u
Page 139 and 140: 137
Page 141 and 142: The same background as the “origi
Page 143: Photo G Photo F Photo CPhoto C: RON
Page 147 and 148: some 50 photographs which he had ta
Page 149 and 150: Fitch Photos -(21)Photo 93 Photo 91
Page 151 and 152: Photo B Photo A Photo 84Photos 84 a
Page 153 and 154: Photo 88Photo 88: An identical phot
Page 155 and 156: and 90, one may assume that the pho
Page 157 and 158: Forty-five years later, however, Na
Page 159 and 160: Japanese side. But [the unearthed m
Page 161 and 162: (2) Alleged murder of childrenAmong
Page 163 and 164: It is Carl Mydans, an American in C
Page 165 and 166: inspired anti-Japanese sentiment am
Page 167 and 168: Another notable fact is that a sold
Page 169 and 170: military have appeared in several N
Page 171 and 172: Photo 102Photo 102: One of the phot
Page 173 and 174: Photo PPhoto OPhoto O: Watashi no j
Page 175 and 176: In one case a [Communist] Party mem
Page 177 and 178: In view of such a Chinese tradition
Page 179 and 180: army’s conduct after its entry in
Page 181 and 182: Photo 108Photo 108: “[C]hildren b
Page 183 and 184: Photo UPhoto U: Type-94 light armor
Page 185 and 186: Army rose near Zhonghua Gate.” Ju
Page 187 and 188: (11) Images of Shanghai re-captione
Page 189 and 190: Chapter 4: Misleading use of the Ph
Page 191 and 192: * Magee photo (1)Magee’s film (MF
Page 193 and 194: * Magee photo (3)MF: Group of women
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This photograph has been cited as e
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(d) Ulterior motive behind the incl
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discrepancy between the realities i
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Photo 126Photo 126: RON-YY, which f
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Images Photographed by the Westerne
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As for Photo 130, RON-YY said, “O
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Photo A Photo 131Photo 131: Second
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and she found the following passage
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Images Photographed by the Japanese
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Photo 134Photo 134: Zusetsu Shōwa
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Photo FPhoto DPhoto EPhotos D and E
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much larger number POWs obeyed a sm
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Photo IPhoto 136Photo I: Fukyoka sh
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As for Nihon no shinryaku: Chūgoku
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Shanxi Province, and Nomonhan durin
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half open. Since Murase most likely
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Map 2Map 2: “Assault on Nanking.
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Photo N: A photograph among the rec
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emoved them away from the shore to
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find an old man lying on the ground
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spring or summer time—as illustra
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correspondents who assisted in the
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e-captioned pieces. This publicatio
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Analyzing the âPhotographic Evidenceâ of the Nanking Massacre