The Padiham Heritage Appraisal - Burnley Borough Council

appendixc-glossary of termsReferences: Grieve, N (1996) The Urban Conservation Glossary. University of Dundee.www.trp.dundee.ac.uk/research/glossary/glossary.htmlalso: www.bradford.gov.uk (Glossary of architectural terms)Area Action Plan (AAP) A statutoryplanning document forming part of theLocal Development Framework, an AAPguides new development and coordinatesregeneration activity within the defined area.Ashlar dressings Sandstone cut to asmooth face and used in contrast to themain building material to highlight features,particularly doors and windows.Back to back Form of Victorian terracedworkers’ housing where two houses share arear wall.Barley twist lamp Lamp on which thecolumn is turned to resemble a screw thread.Beerhouse After the Beer Act of 1830 beercould be sold on any premises with a twoguinea licence obtained from the local exciseoffice.British School In 1814 ‘The British andForeign Schools Society’ was formed andnonconformist day schools became known asBritish Schools.Casement Frame of a window with panesusually opening inwards or outwards.Chamfered Surface formed by cutting off asquare edge or cornerCoal staithe A depot for coals brought fromthe collieries for shipment, furnished withstaging and chutes for loading.Conservation Area Local authorities havethe power to designate conservation areas inany area of ‘special architectural or historicinterest’ whose character or appearance isworth protecting or enhancing.Within the Conservation Area the authorityhas extra controls over demolition, minordevelopments and the protection of trees.Co-operative Movement The bandingtogether of groups of people for mutualassistance in trade, manufacture, thesupply of credit, housing, or other services.The original principles of the cooperativemovement were laid down in 1844 by theRochdale Pioneers, under the influence ofRobert Owen, and by Charles Fourier inFrance.Copped/ Coping (Stone) Top course of awall designed to prevent water penetratinginto the core of the wall. Copes are oftenshaped and can frequently be quitedecorative.Corbel Projecting block supporting aparapet or sill. Often carved.Crenellated Indented or notched as in thebattlements on a castle.Dormer Any window which projects from thepitch of a roof.Drift cover General term for materialdeposited directly by glacial movement or bywater running off it.Drip mould Projection from cornice or silldesigned to protect area below from water.Enclosures Enclosure is the process ofsubdivision of common land for individualownership. Historically, enclosures areprimarily associated with the subdivisionof land in England from the 12th to 19thcenturies.Fanlight Window above a door designed tobrighten the hallway inside.Fascia The broad horizontal boards over ashopfront which carry the name of the shopand can be ornamental.Feudal system Medieval social system,the fundamental characteristic of which waseconomic: the peasants held land from thelord of an estate in return for fixed dues inkind, money, and services.Flemish bond Type of brickwork featuringalternation of headers (short side of brick)and stretchers (long side of brick) on eachcourse.Free Jacobean An early phase of EnglishRenaissance architecture and decoration. Itformed a transition between the Elizabethanand the pure Renaissance style laterintroduced by Inigo Jones.Gable The vertical part of the end wall of abuilding contained within the roof slope.Gate piersPillars, perhaps ornate, at either side of aresidence’s gate.Ginny track Tramway track built fortransporting coal.Glacial till deposits Glacial till is that part ofglacial drift which was deposited directly bythe glacier. It may vary from clays to mixturesof clay, sand, gravel and boulders.Gothic Gothic architecture is a style ofarchitecture, particularly associated withcathedrals and other churches, whichflourished in Europe during the high and latemedieval period.Gridiron Characteristic plan of Victorianindustrial towns comprising uniform rows ofterraced houses set within a tight and regularnetwork of straight, connected streets andbuilt at high densities alongside factories,mills and weaving sheds, shops, pubs,schools and other public buildings of thesame period.heritage appraisal 107