Bipolar Disorders: Mixed States, Rapid-Cycling, and Atypical Forms

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130 J. Angst et al.Verkes, R. J., Van Der Mast, R. C., and Hengeveld, M. W. (1998). Reduction by paroxetine ofsuicidal behavior in patients with repeated suicide attempts but not major depression. Am. J.Psychiatry., 155, 543–7.Wittchen, H.-U., Zaudig, M., and Fydrich, T. (1998). Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview fürDSM–IV (SKID-I und SKID-II). Göttingen: Hogrefe-Verlag für Psychologie.World Health Organization (1992). The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and BehaviouralDisorders. Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guideline. Geneva: World HealthOrganization.
6Atypical depression and its relation tobipolar spectrumFranco BenazziHecker Psychiatry Research Center, University of California in San Diego (USA) collaborating center, Ravenna, Italy;University of Szeged (Hungary); National Health Service, Forli, ItalyIntroduction: the relationship of atypical depression to bipolar II disorderThe focus of this chapter on the relationship between atypical depression (AD)(different definitions, including Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of MentalDisorders , 4th edn (DSM-IV): (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) definition)and bipolar (BP) spectrum is the relationship between BP-II and AD,because BP-II is the most common and best-studied disorder of the BP spectrumdisorders. BP-II was recently found to be very common in the community (11.0%BP-II versus 11.4% unipolar (UP): Angst et al., 2003) and in major depressiveepisode (MDE) outpatients (up to 60%: Cassano et al., 1992; Angst, 1996;Benazzi, 1997a, 2001a; Hantouche et al., 1998; Perugi et al., 1998; Akiskal et al.,2000; Benazzi and Akiskal, 2003a). But nevertheless BP-II is still underdiagnosed(Ghaemi et al., 2000). Lumping bipolar-I (BP I) and BP-II together is notsupported by the BP-II strong diagnostic stability (Coryell et al., 1995), differentfamily history (more BP-II than BP-I in first-degree relatives of BP-II) (Goodwinand Jamison, 1990; Coryell, 1999), and by linkage studies (McMahon et al., 2001).The most recent definitions of BP spectrum come from Akiskal and Pinto(1999), Ghaemi et al.(2002), and Angst et al.(2003). Akiskal and Pinto’s definitionincludes BP-I, BP-II (hypomania and MDE cyclothymic disorder), BP-III(antidepressant and stimulant-associated hypomania), and BP-IV (depressivemixed state, that is, a MDE plus some concurrent hypomanic symptoms). Thedefinition of Angst et al. (2003) includes BP-II, minor bipolar disorders (hypomaniaand mild depressions), and single hypomania (with no depression). Thediagnostic criteria of Ghaemi et al.(2002) for bipolar spectrum disorder include aUP MDE plus signs of bipolarity, such as bipolar family history, antidepressantinducedmania/hypomania, and AD. The bipolar spectrum disorder of Ghaemiet al. (2002) links pure UP with BP. Also depressive mixed state (Benazzi and# Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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Bipolar DisordersMixed States, Rapi
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ContentsList of contributorsPreface
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ContributorsValadeta Ajdacic PhDPsy
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ixList of contributorsAlexia E. Kou
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PrefaceBipolar disorders have a lon
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2 A. Marneros and F. K. Goodwinold
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4 A. Marneros and F. K. GoodwinFig.
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6 A. Marneros and F. K. GoodwinThe
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26 A. Marneros and F. K. Goodwinbou
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30 A. Marneros and F. K. GoodwinTab
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32 A. Marneros and F. K. GoodwinBip
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38 A. Marneros and F. K. GoodwinAki
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40 A. Marneros and F. K. GoodwinDil
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42 A. Marneros and F. K. GoodwinMar
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44 A. Marneros and F. K. GoodwinPri
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46 G. Perugi and H. S. AkiskalTable
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50 G. Perugi and H. S. AkiskalDepre
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52 G. Perugi and H. S. Akiskalwith
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54 G. Perugi and H. S. Akiskal3020.
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59 Longitudinal perspective of mixe
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3Rapid-cycling bipolar disorder1 2O
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63 Rapid-cycling bipolar disorderPs
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65 Rapid-cycling bipolar disorderOn
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67 Rapid-cycling bipolar disorderBr
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69 Rapid-cycling bipolar disorderin
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71 Rapid-cycling bipolar disorderLa
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73 Rapid-cycling bipolar disorderre
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75 Rapid-cycling bipolar disorderCo
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77 Rapid-cycling bipolar disorderDe
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Page 103 and 104: 89 Bipolar I and bipolar II: a dich
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Page 123 and 124: 5Recurrent brief depression as an i
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Page 135 and 136: 121 Recurrent brief depressionTable
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Page 141 and 142: 127 Recurrent brief depressionREFER
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Page 147 and 148: 133 Atypical depression and bipolar
Page 171 and 172: 7Agitated depression: spontaneous a
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181 Agitated depression: spontaneou
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8Schizoaffective mixed statesAndrea
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189 Schizoaffective mixed statescon
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191 Schizoaffective mixed stateswas
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193 Schizoaffective mixed statesUni
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195 Schizoaffective mixed statesTab
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197 Schizoaffective mixed statesday
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199 Schizoaffective mixed statesTot
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201 Schizoaffective mixed statesBip
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203 Schizoaffective mixed statesThe
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205 Schizoaffective mixed statesMar
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9Acute and transient psychotic diso
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209 Acute and transient psychotic d
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Table 9.10 (cont.)ATPD(n ¼ 39)Bipo
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Table 9.11 (cont.)Bipolar affective
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Table 9.14b Significant differences
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10Bipolar disorder in children and
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239 Bipolar disorder in children an
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Pellegrini et al. (1986) 16 23 (7-1
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253 Atypical features of bipolarity
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12Comorbidity in mixed states and r
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265 Comorbidity in mixed states and
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13Challenges in the genetics of bip
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279 Challenges in the genetics of b
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Table 13.1 Proportion of first-degr
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Table 13.3 Summary of recent bipola
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13q32 = 3.321q22 = 3.6Liu, C.et al.
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14Biological aspects of rapid cycli
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313 Rapid cycling and mixed statesa
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315 Rapid cycling and mixed statesa
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317 Rapid cycling and mixed statesi
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319 Rapid cycling and mixed statesC
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321 Rapid cycling and mixed statesJ
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323 Rapid cycling and mixed statesW
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325 The treatment of bipolar mixed
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16The use of atypical antipsychotic
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355 Use of atypical antipsychotic a
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17Investigational strategies: treat
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371 Investigational strategiesBIPOL
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373 Investigational strategiesinsta
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375 Investigational strategiesWhat
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377 Investigational strategiesTable
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379 Investigational strategiescateg
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381 Investigational strategiesTable
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383 Investigational strategies2. Th
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385 Investigational strategiesSachs
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387 Indexclinical course and outcom
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389 Indexdepressive mixed states 51
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391 IndexLange, J. 163learning disa
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393 Indexpsychopharmacological revo
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395 Indexmania, acute 334mixed stat
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Bipolar Disorders: Mixed States, Rapid-Cycling, and Atypical Forms

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