Bipolar Disorders: Mixed States, Rapid-Cycling, and Atypical Forms

195 Schizoaffective mixed statesTable 8.3 Characteristics of the study populationTotal number of patients 277Female 135 (48.7%)Age at first illness episode (mean, range) 32.3 years (13.0–66.2)Age at the end of the follow-up period (mean, range) 47.9 years (20.6–90.1)Duration of the illness (mean, range) 15.7 years (1.2–58.3)Prospective period (mean, range) 5.1 years (1.0–9.7)Total number of episodes 2119Table 8.4 Instruments of the Halle Bipolarity Longitudinal Study (HABILOS)ScopeInstrumentAxis I diagnosis DSM-IV SCID-I (Wittchen et al., 1997)Axis II diagnosis DSM-IV SCID-II (Fydrich et al., 1997)History of illness Rating of episodes (Marneros et al., 1991)MedicationDocumentation of medication(Marneros et al., 1991)Depressive symptoms CDRS (Mason et al., 1993)Manic symptoms BDI (Beck et al., 1961)YMRS (Young et al., 1978)Psychotic symptoms MSS (Krüger et al., 1997)Personality PANSS (Kay et al., 1987)Temperament NEO-FFI (Costa and McCrae, 1989)Social biography TEMPS-A Questionnaire (Akiskal et al., 2002)Premorbid functioning SOBI (Marneros et al., 1991)Social disability PAS (Cannon-Spoor et al., 1982)Social functioning DAS-M (Jung et al., 1989)Global functioning SOFAS (American Psychiatric Association, 1994)Quality of life GAS (Spitzer et al., 1978)WHOQOL-Bref (WHOQOL Group, 1998)DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; SCID-I, Structured ClinicalInterview for DSM-IV (Axis I); CDRS, Cornell Dysthymia Rating Scale; BDI, Beck DepressionInventory; YMRS, Young Mania Rating Scale; MSS, Manie-Selbstbeurteilungsskala (English,SRMI – Self-Report-Mania Inventory); PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; NEO-FFI, Neo-Five Factor Inventory; TEMPS-A, Temperament Scale – Autoversion; SOBI,Sociobiographical Interview; PAS, Premorbid Adjustment Scale; DAS-M, Disability AssessmentSchedule; SOFAS, Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale; GAS, GlobalAssessment Scale; WHOQOL, WHO Quality of Life.