Bipolar Disorders: Mixed States, Rapid-Cycling, and Atypical Forms

226 A. Marneros et al.Table 9.12 Significant differences between acute and transient psychotic disorder (ATPD)and all mixed statesATPD(n ¼ 39)n (%)All mixedstates(n ¼ 48)Statistical analysis an (%)GenderFemale 30(76.9) 26(54.2) P ¼ 0.028Male 9(23.1) 22(45.8)Age at onset (years) 35.4 11.4 31.8 11.3 NSbDisability pension at follow-up4(10.3) 22(55.0) P < 0.001Premorbid personality b n ¼ 35 n ¼ 33Obsessoid 8(22.9) 16(47.1) P ¼ 0.027Sthenic/highly self-confident 5(14.3) 12(35.3) P ¼ 0.036Asthenic/low self-confident 19(54.3) 4(11.8) P < 0.001Nervous-tense 3(8.6) 2(5.9) NSbDimensional personality scores (NEO-FFI) n ¼ 32 n ¼ 42Neuroticism 1.89 0.58 2.09 0.67 NSExtroversion 2.06 0.52 2.06 1.90 NSOpenness to experiences 2.17 0.38 2.16 2.24 NSAgreeableness 2.73 0.43 2.73 2.48 P ¼ 0.013Conscientiousness 2.76 0.44 2.76 2.39 P ¼ 0.003a 2 -test or Fisher’s exact test, two-tailed for categorical variables, t-test for continuous variables.b Reduced n, because some patients could not be followed up or information was insufficient torate this item.NEO-FFI, NEO Five-Factor Inventory.ATPD versus all mixed states (affective plus schizoaffective)Bivariate comparisons were calculated for ATPD and all mixed states were combined(affective and schizoaffective). The results are shown in Table 9.12.The results are largely similar to those obtained in the multivariate comparisonsreported above. The lower age at onset observed for ATPD in comparison withschizoaffective mixed states was no longer significant when affective and schizoaffectivemixed states were grouped together.Polymorphic subgroup versus all mixed (affective and schizoaffective)Accordingly, we calculated bivariate comparisons between ATDP-polymorphicsubtype and all mixed states combined. The results are reported in Table 9.13.Again, the results were quite similar to those of the multivariate comparisons.