The Challenge of Low-Carbon Development - World Bank Internet ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Appendix GEnergy Project Portfolio DatabasesCEIF Database (Master Energy Database)Scope 2003–08This database, compiled by the World Bank’ Energy Anchor,was the starting point for IEG’s analysis. Although the CleanEnergy Investment Framework (CEIF) was formulated in2005, the database was backfilled to include projects approvedin 2003. It covers all World Bank Group energy projects acrossthe International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/International Development Association, the Global EnvironmentFund, Carbon Finance, International Finance Corporation,and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.The unit of observation is the project component.Component type categories include—• Oil (extractive industries and downstream, excludinggeneration)• Gas (extractive industries and downstream, excludinggeneration)• Coal (extractive industries and downstream, excludinggeneration)• Energy efficiency• New renewable energy, broken down by technology,for example, wind, small hydro, solar photovoltaic, solarthermal, geothermal, and bioenergy. If there is morethan one technology supported by the component, thegeneral category “New Renewable Energy” is assigned.New Renewable Energy excludes hydropower> 10 MW.• Large hydro• Thermal generation (oil, gas or coal, specified)• Transmission and distribution• Other (including policy operations, environmentalassessment).Components were also mapped to the following groups:• Low carbon: Renewable energy projects (including allhydropower), energy efficiency, rehabilitation of powerplants, district heating, biomass waste-fueled energy;reduction of gas flaring, transmission and distributioncomponents that target low carbon and/or energy efficiency,and other—investments with lower carbon goals.• Access: Those that increase access to electricity services.In IDA countries, all investments in generationand transmission and distribution are assigned to thecategory of Access (as they all aimed to increase electrification);in IBRD countries only electricity accessprojects and rural electrification projects are consideredas “Access.”• Blended low carbon and access: Those access projectsthat use low carbon energy options to increase accessto electricity.• Transmission and distribution, oil and gas; other thermalgeneration: projects that do not specifically target lowercarbon or energy efficiency (some transmission anddistribution is classified under low carbon, however).• Other energy: Projects with energy policy support (DevelopmentPolicy Loans) or projects for which energyform cannot be defined clearly or that have multipleenergy subsector support—that do not target lower carbonand/or energy efficiency.IEG review of the databaseFor this evaluation, IEG reviewed and modified the 2003–08CEIF database as follows.Some components were further disaggregated, based ondescriptions in appraisal documents. For instance, an$87 million component labeled “New Renewable Energy”was disaggregated into subcomponents: a $20 millionbiomass facility and a $67 million wind project.IEG used budget allocations reported in the appraisaldocument rather than the sectoral percentage assignmentsused for project classification. For instance, theTurkey Renewable Energy project is a $202 million operationdesigned to support development of the renewableenergy, providing financing via Turkish banks to privatedevelopers. CEIF recorded this project as $101 million operation,because the project was officially allocated amongthe following sectors: central government administration(10 percent), micro- and small and medium enterprise finance(40 percent), and renewable energy (50 percent).IEG classified the entire expenditure as financing for renewableenergy development ($202 million), includinglarge hydropower, geothermal energy, and wind (as in theProject Assessment Document). For this reason, IEG’sreckoning of commitment amounts sometimes exceededthe CEIF’s.108 | Climate Change and the World Bank Group
IEG eliminated a few cases of double counting, usually involvingGEF-funded components.IEG identified some components that did not have clearlow-carbon content, based on review of project documents.These projects were excluded from the scope of the ClimateII database.CEIF designates some transmission and distribution projectsas “low carbon,” but not others. In principle, improvementof existing systems is considered as energy efficiency,as opposed to construction of new systems. In practice,some of the transmission and distribution projects discussedin chapter 3 appear to result in loss reductions butare not included in either the CEIF or IEG tally of lowcarbonprojects.IEG added information and codes describing componentor project objectives, technologies, instruments, and capacity(if applicable).Bonn Commitment Database and RenewableEnergy and Energy Efficiency WBG ProgressReportsScope 1990–2008At the Bonn International Conference on Renewable Energiesin 2004, the WBG made a commitment to accelerateits support for new renewable energy and energy efficiencyand committed to increase its financing for new renewableenergy and energy efficiency at a growth rate of 20 percentper annum between fiscal years 2005 and 2009, comparedto a baseline commitment of $209 million (equal to the averageof the previous three years).The World Bank reported on this commitment annually.For Bonn Commitment purposes, relevant project typeswere solar, wind, geothermal, biomass energy, hydropowerof 10 MW or less, waste to energy, and energy efficiency(demand-side management and end-use energy efficiency,supply side energy efficiency—including mass transit system).Large hydropower (>10 MW) was tallied but notcounted toward the Bonn Commitment. A comparable database,but with different criteria for energy efficiency, wasbackfilled to 1990.The following project types are classified by CEIF as lowcarbonbut are not counted toward the Bonn Commitment:• Policy reform loans (except where directly concernedwith renewable energy and energy efficiency)• Reduction of gas flaring• High-efficiency thermal plants are classified in CEIFas a low carbon, but not included in Progress Report/Bonn Commitment data• Industrial low carbon investments• Landfill gas capture without utilization.Appendix G: Energy Project Portfolio Databases | 109
Page 1 and 2:
Phase II: The Challenge of Low-Carb
Page 3 and 4:
CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE WORLD BANK G
Page 5 and 6:
Table of ContentsAbbreviations . .
Page 7 and 8:
Figures1.1 GHG Emissions by Sector
Page 9 and 10:
AcknowledgmentsThe report was prepa
Page 11 and 12:
Executive SummaryUnabated, climate
Page 13 and 14:
esettlement plans has been ineffect
Page 15 and 16:
of some technologies, such as landf
Page 17 and 18:
Scale up high-impact investmentsEne
Page 19 and 20:
should have been strengthened in th
Page 21 and 22:
Major monitorable IEGrecommendation
Page 23 and 24:
Major monitorable IEGrecommendation
Page 25 and 26:
Chairman’s Summary: Committee onD
Page 27 and 28:
most places. Before we get there, w
Page 29 and 30:
non-Annex I countries. The World Ba
Page 31 and 32:
attention. In a couple of decades,
Page 33 and 34:
GlossaryAdditionalityBankabilityBas
Page 35 and 36:
Joint ImplementationA mechanism und
Page 37 and 38:
Chapter 1evALuAtiOn HiGHLiGHts• T
Page 39 and 40:
of interventions, from technical as
Page 41 and 42:
would allow industrialized countrie
Page 43 and 44:
growth, poverty reduction (includin
Page 45 and 46:
Table 1.1 Map of the EvaluationSect
Page 47 and 48:
Chapter 2eValuaTION HIGHlIGHTS• W
Page 49 and 50:
Table 2.2Evaluated World Bank Renew
Page 51 and 52:
Figure 2.2Breakdown of 2003-08 Low-
Page 53 and 54:
Table 2.4 Commitments to Grid-Conne
Page 55 and 56:
Box 2.1The Economics of Grid-Connec
Page 57 and 58:
on average (Iyadomi 2010). (Reducti
Page 59 and 60:
and industrial policy. An increasin
Page 61 and 62:
Table 2.6Hydropower Investments by
Page 63 and 64:
costs for remaining unelectrified a
Page 65 and 66:
World Bank experienceTwo factors ac
Page 67:
Box 2.5On-Grid and Off-Grid Renewab
Page 70 and 71:
Energy EfficiencyThe first phase in
Page 72 and 73:
Box 3.1ESCOs and Energy Performance
Page 74 and 75:
have had limited causal impact on t
Page 76 and 77:
measurement of achieved economic re
Page 78 and 79:
Since the early 1990s, public entit
Page 80 and 81:
part with a $198 million IDA credit
Page 83 and 84:
Chapter 4eVAluATioN HigHligHTS• B
Page 85 and 86:
The WBG urban transport portfolio (
Page 87 and 88:
y conventional transport systems, i
Page 89 and 90:
include the forest carbon projects
Page 91 and 92:
for Costa Rica for the period 2000-
Page 93 and 94: After 20 years of effort, systemati
Page 95 and 96: orrowers have demonstrated the abil
Page 97 and 98: Chapter 5EVALuATioN HigHLigHTS• O
Page 99 and 100: Consequently, the efficiency with w
Page 101 and 102: technologies could accelerate diffu
Page 103 and 104: A second issue, inherent to any adv
Page 105 and 106: goal of promoting wind turbine impr
Page 107 and 108: ConclusionsThe WBG’s efforts to p
Page 109 and 110: Table 5.1Carbon Funds at the World
Page 111 and 112: demonstration initiative. The Commu
Page 113 and 114: Impacts on technology transferThe 2
Page 115 and 116: Chapter 6Photo by Martin Wright/Ash
Page 117 and 118: Figure 6.1800Economic and Carbon Re
Page 119 and 120: Specifically, the WBG could:• Pla
Page 121 and 122: Table 6.1Summary of Sectoral Findin
Page 123 and 124: Table 6.1Sector Intervention Direct
Page 125 and 126: Appendix ARenewable Energy Tables a
Page 127 and 128: Table A.4Grid-Based Biomass/Biogass
Page 129 and 130: Table A.5 (continued)Negative examp
Page 131 and 132: Figure A.4A. Hydro/biomass capacity
Page 133 and 134: Appendix bWorld Bank Experience wit
Page 135 and 136: Table C.2Completed Low-Carbon Energ
Page 137 and 138: TAble C.4Reviewed energy efficiency
Page 139 and 140: the new capacity. Transmission syst
Page 141 and 142: Table E.2Climate obligationsCoal Pl
Page 143: Table F.2GHG objectiveModeNumber of
Page 147 and 148: Table H.1Project andlocationBioener
Page 149 and 150: Appendix ICarbon and Economic Retur
Page 151 and 152: Appendix JRecent WBG Developments i
Page 153 and 154: y providing value to standing fores
Page 155 and 156: never had an explicit corporate str
Page 157 and 158: overnight. The Bank can provide ass
Page 159 and 160: Chapter 51. From the chief economis
Page 161 and 162: Hartshorn, G., P. Ferraro, and B. S
Page 163 and 164: ______. 2007. World Development Ind
Page 165 and 166: IEG PublicationsAnalyzing the Effec
show all

The Challenge of Low-Carbon Development - World Bank Internet ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?