INDEXAcoustics, 7, 208Aéroports de Paris, 69, 159Albert, Edouart, 145Alsop & Lyall, 76Alsop & Störmer, 44, 141Aluminium, 39Anthropomorphism, 147,194–6Arata Izosaki & Associates, 171Arcade, 60, 107Arch, 20, 25, 29–30, 41, 43, 56, 63,85, 94, 107, 111, 115, 182,192, 197horizontal, 37–8Architectural concept see DesignconceptArchitectural form, 133definition, 19–20irregular, 38–9synthesis, 23–34Architectural qualities of structuresee Structural qualitiesArchitype, 161Ark, 196–7Axel Schultes Architects, 14Baldweg, Juan Navarro, 185Balmond, Cecil, 137Baroque, 5Barry Gasson Architects, 172Baumschlager-Eberle, 83, 185BBPR, 57Bending moment, 11, 27, 58, 75,144–6, 176Berber House, 200Bere Associates, 98Bibliothèque Nationale, 177Biome, 24, 190Bird-like, 198–9Bohlin Cywinski Jackson, 180Bracingcross, 20, 28, 32, 36, 41, 54, 68,97, 136tension-only, 35, 136BRT Architekten, 37, 136Brunet and Saunier, 180Building function, 79–101, 135–7expressive of, 52Buttress, 22, 27, 40, 55, 58, 83–4,107, 122, 172, 194–5Cable-beams, 155, 175Calatrava, Santiago, 105, 111, 116,134, 146, 156, 173–4, 181,191–2, 195, 199Cassidy Taggart Partnership, 8Catenary, 26, 45–7, 58, 107, 169,172, 175Cavadini, Raffaele, 76Chaix & Morel et Associés, 29, 45,178Charles Rennie Mackintosh, 149Chernikhov, 148Circulation, 93–6Collaboration between Architectsand Structural Engineers, 133,210Colonnade, 61, 67, 88–9, 93–4, 99,117, 128, 194Colosseum, 60Columnar architecture, 67Composite action, 66Concrete colour, 33, 63Connection between exterior andinterior, 65–7Construction equipment, 200Coop Himmelb(l)au, 97, 154Core, load-bearing, 7Cottin, F., 121Cullinan, Edward, 109Dahinden, Justus, 110Daryl Jackson Architects, 171Deane and Woodward, 127Denton Corker Marshall, 60Design Antenna, 179Design concept, 21, 104, 131, 207–10Diaphragm, 12, 143Dome, 28, 109, 193Domenig, Günther, 205Earth pressure, 122, 124Entry, 95expression of, 66, 68–70Environmentalarchitecture, 108friendliness, 35modifier, 92Eric Owen Moss Architects, 47, 150Erickson, Arthur, 21–2Erosion, 194Existing buildings, 49Exoskeleton, 7, 64, 82, 174Exposed structure, 51architects’ approaches to, 4–5definition, 4effectiveness, 104roles played, 10selective, 54Exterior structure, 51–77Fabric structure, 25–6light, 168, 171, 183Façadism, 66Fainsilber, Adrien, 65, 175Farrell, Terry, 99FaulknerBrowns Architects, 70, 170Fehn, Sverre, 189Flower, 105Folded-plate, 58Forest, 15, 35, 60, 126, 180, 190–4Formwork, 140Foster and Associates/Partners, 29,30, 51, 66, 84, 94–5, 160, 177,193Foundations, 42, 76Frames, 30, 34, 45, 60, 70, 119–21,146, 204arched, 94mega-, 31, 52
226 INDEXFrames, (contd)moment, 22, 28–9, 47, 68, 113–4,193portal, 9, 32, 36, 83, 99, 139, 147,157–8, 173Frank Lloyd Wright, 150, 177Frank O. Gehry & Associates,142–3‘Free plan’, 80–1, 112Fuksas, Massimiliano, 127Functional flexibility, 80–4Gaudí, Antonio, 74, 94, 108, 148, 193Gerberette, 61Giselbrecht, E., 144Glass structure, 176–7, 179–80González de León and Serrano, 62,178Gothic, 4, 22, 30, 57, 70, 75, 83, 93,148, 192Grid, 10, 34, 60, 80, 92, 112–13, 118,158, 186disappearance of, 16, 39, 186Gunter Behnisch & Partner, 73, 183Hampshire County CouncilArchitects, 115, 140, 195Heger Heger Schlieff, 109Hertzberber, Herman with Lucas &Niemeijer Architects, 93Herzog Partner, 28, 60Herzog with Bernd Steigerwald, 67High-Tech, 13, 53, 66, 198Hollein, Hans, 59, 183, 186Hübner, Peter, 198Hyperstyle, 16Ian Ritchie Architects, 175Indigenous construction, 38Isler, Heinz, 23Ito, Toyo, 169Japanese construction, 139, 149Jean Nouvel et Associés, 87, 157Johnson Wax building, 150Jones, Fay, 109, 133Jourda & Perraudin, 35, 66, 115, 147,191Kahn, Louis, 14, 144, 168, 182Kansai Airport Terminal, 43Kimbell Art Museum, 168Lab Architectural Studio and BateSmart Partners, 204Labrouste, Henri, 163Lattice, 59, 139, 160, 193triangulated, 49Le Courbusier, 98, 162Libeskind, Daniel, 40, 202–3Light, 12, 16, 96, 176–88artificial, 173dematerializes, 184–5diffusing, 60filtering, 41, 60, 94, 172, 180–2maximizing, 174modified by structure, 172, 180–4modifying perception of structure,184–6pillars of, 55reflecting, 168, 172, 181–4source of, 167–73Light slot, 12, 14, 16, 42, 86, 202Lobb Partnership (now HOKSports), 68MacCormac, Richard, 72, 119Mast, 25, 68, 82, 118, 169vierendeel, 52Materiality, 4, 14, 35, 49, 59, 87, 96expression of, 138–44Mecanoo Architekten, 90Medieval construction, 149Michael Hopkins & Partners, 59, 75,123, 152, 162, 184Michelucci, Giovanni, 199–200Miralles and Pinos, 73Moneo, Rafael, 54, 85Montuori, Vitellozzi, Calini,Castellazzi, Fatigati &Pintonello, 43Moshe Safdie and Associates Inc., 21,61, 184Mullions, 12, 72, 75, 98Murphy/Jahn, 138Nervi, Pier Luigi, 22, 24, 162Niall Phillips Architects, 77, 90Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners, 24,29, 36, 56–7, 82, 84Office for Metropolitan Architecture,124, 137Ollertz & Ollertz, 83Orthogonality, 31, 33–4, 49, 60, 80,162disruption of, 186relief from, 14Palladio, 71Pantadome System, 171Parr Partnership, 100Pei, I. M, 134, 155Piano, Renzo, 43Piano and Rogers, 62, 157Pequot, 37Perret, Auguste, 120Petzinka Pink und Partner, 118Philip Exeter Library, 168, 182Pierre-Louis Carlier architecte, 64Piranesi, 118, 124Planning flexibility, 7–10, 52, 79–84Plate girder, 59Polshek Partnership Architects, 37Portzamparc, Christian de, 70Post-and-beam, 10, 20, 35, 40, 115,131–2Post-modern, 149Professions, structural engineeringand architectural, 209–10Rangiatea Church, 200Raush, Ladner, Clerici, 38Reading structure:unintended, 64, 111Religious symbolism, 200Renaissance, 5Representation, 13, 42, 189–200,208Retaining wall, 74Ribbed structures, 27–9, 59, 115, 127cantilever, 59, 111dome, 28Richard Meier Architects, 61, 117Richard Rogers Partnership, 56, 65,91, 126, 159Richter, Helmut, 176
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STRUCTURE AS ARCHITECTURE
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STRUCTURE ASARCHITECTUREA SOURCE BO
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CONTENTSPrefaceAcknowledgementsviix
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PREFACEixcould be included in reali
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1INTRODUCTION. . . structure is col
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INTRODUCTION 3comment, the validity
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