book-2

228 INDEXStructural (and architectural) qualitiesand characteristics: (contd)scaffolding-like, 32, 61, 200screening, 59–63, 89sculptural, 57, 116, 162sensitive, 122simplicity, 16, 27, 87, 154skeletal, 27, 32, 57, 80, 126, 141–2softness, 94, 156, 158solemnity, 16sombre, 201spontaneity, 118stitching, 136strength, 13, 16surprise, 41symmetry, 72texture, 23, 53, 57–9, 104tranquility, 94transparency, 25, 27–8, 49, 58, 65,83, 126, 145, 155–8, 174, 176,179–80transportable, 76twisting, 205unbalance, 150unexpected, 42, 125, 137unobtrusive, 163unrefined, 153utilitarian, 151warm, 128web-like, 63weighty, 179welcoming, 195wrap, 36, 60Structural Rationalists, 22Structural systems, 20, 79Structure:articulating circulation, 93–6dangerous, 99defines space, 91, 93directionality, 79, 93, 95–6disrupts, 15, 82, 96–100diversity of, 208educates, 143expressive roles, 70–7, 121–8functional aspects, 79–101inhabitation of, 92, 115, 117modulates, 52–7, 69, 95, 104–7,117, 120neutralizes space, 80ordering space, 3, 120, 179penetrations through, 11, 69,177–9perimeter, 53, 82–4sagging, 39, 146spatial, 112–21subdividing space, 15, 85–93, 179,191surface, 49, 104–12transformative power of, 63, 208transparent, 179–80visibility of, 12‘Structures’, education of, 207, 210Strut, 57, 68, 89, 91,124, 200flying, 25, 169StudioWorks Architects, 196Sustainable design, 161, 201Symbolism, 3, 13, 16, 189, 200–5,208Tadao Ando & Associates, 139–40Tanner Leddy Mantum Stacy, 99Tensionarchitecture of, 126cables, 25, 56, 126hangers, 30, 52ring, 105rods, 12, 24, 45, 56, 61, 82, 90springs, 47ties, 56Tent, 26, 199Terragni, Giuseppe, 34Thorncrown Chapel, 109Tokyo International Forum, 185Torsion, 91, 146Tree, 42, 66, 180, 190–4, 200Truss, 35, 40, 48, 52, 65, 68, 84, 96,98, 143, 145, 158, 174, 197bowstring, 38sag, 39source of light, 169–70vierendeel, 31, 54, 133, 139, 157,160Tschumi, Bernard, 153Tugendhat House, 81Tunnel, 31, 123Underground construction, 123,139Ungers, O. M., 88Usonian House, 177Van der Rohe, Mies, 81van Spreckelsen, Johan Otto, 31Vault, 160, 168, 183, 201,lamella, 109Vicens and Ramos, 33Viollet-le-Duc, 22von Gerkan Marg Partner, 42, 95,163Walls, 14, 20, 22, 32–4, 36, 45, 80,86–8, 91curved, 58, 71define interior spaces, 32modulation of, 17pierced, 31subdividing space, 15, 85textures, 17Warped surface, 63Waves, 27, 43Welding, 59Wilkinson Eyre, 147Williams, Stanton, 155Wilson, Gordon, 32Wrought-iron, 162Zehrfuss, Bernard, 122Zimmer Gunsul FrascaPartnership HDR, 107Zoomorphic, 194–6Zufferey, André, 40Zumthor, Peter, 86, 92, 105