Physical Principles of Electron Microscopy: An Introduction to TEM ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Index 199 EELS, 172 Electromagnetic spectrum, visible region, 2 ultraviolet region, 8 x-ray region, 9 Electron, backscattered, 128 penetration depth, 129 primary, 17 secondary, 17, 128 Electron gun, 58 Electron range, 129 Electron volt (eV), 5, 67 Electron source, 65 virtual, 71 Elemental map, 143, 174 Emission of electrons, field, 62 Schottky, 62, 191 thermionic, 58 Energy, Fermi, 58 vacuum, 58 Energy loss, 95, 172 Energy spread, 48, 182 EPMA, 169 Escape depth, 131 Etching, 7, 122 Extinction distance, 115 Feedback, 22, 61, 70 FIB machine, 122 Field, depth of, 88, 145 Field emission, 19 Field of view, 6 Fluorescence yield, 166 Flyback, 127 Focal length, 32, 41 Focusing, dynamic, 147 ideal, 27 magnetic lens, 41 Focusing power, 41 Fourier transform, 187 Fresnel fringe, 116 Fringing field, 39 Gaussian image plane, 44 Gun, electron, 57 High-voltage generator, 68 Hologram, 184 Human vision, 2 Hysteresis effects, 82, 111 Impact parameter, 97, 191 Ionization edge, 173 Illumination conditions, 72 Illumination shift and tilt, 75 Illumination system, 57 Image, atomic-column, 179 backscattered, 137 CL, 141 cross-sectional, 124 definition, 27 EBIC, 139 Foucault, 119 Lorentz, 118 plan-view, 124 real, 2, 33 retinal, 2 secondary-electron, 131 specimen-current, 139 shadow, 185 single-atom, 20 stroboscopic, 141 virtual, 33 voltage-contrast, 141 Imaging lenses, 57, 78 Immersion lens, 8, 43, 78 Impact parameter, 97, 193 Interaction volume, 129 Inelastic scattering, 96
200 Index Inner-shell ionization, 174, 20 Iris of the eye, 3 k-factor, 166 Kinematics of scattering, 93 Lattice, 106 Lattice parameter, 110 Lens, convex, 30 diverging, 43 eye, 3 einzel, 35 electrostatic, 34 immersion, 8, 43 magnetic, 35 multipole, 180 quadrupole, 54, 52, 173 SEM, 125, 146 TEM condenser, 70 TEM imaging, 78 Lithography, 151 Lorentzian function, 41 Magnetic force, 35 Magnification, 28 angular, 4 empty, 6 minimum, 5 SEM, 128 TEM, 83 Mass-thickness, 129, 101 Maxwell, imaging rules, 27, 127 Microscope, atomic-force, 24 biological, 6, 79 compound, 5 electron, 11 high-voltage, 15 metallurgical, 7 photoelectron, 180 scanning electron, 17 scanning-tunneling, 21 STEM, 7, 11 Miller indices, 110 Misalignment, 40 Monochromator, 182 Monte Carlo calculations, 130 Multichannel analyzer, 163 Nanoprobe, 79, 126 Nanotechnology, 153 Noise, image, 128, 134, 136, 140 in XEDS, 165, 160, 162 O-rings, 40 Objective aperture, 82 Objective lens, 78, 126 Objective stigmator, 82 Optics, electron, 34 geometrical, 32 ion, 43 physical, 32 x-ray, 9, 152 Organelles, 15 Paraxial rays, 30 Phosphor screen, 85, 142 Photographic recording, 85 Photomultiplier tube, 134 Pixels, 128 Plane, back-focal, 32 principal, 32, 80 Plasmon excitation, 173 Point resolution, 47 Poisson statistics, 99 Polepieces, 39 Polycrystalline solid, 96 Post-field, 79 Pre-field, 78
Page 3 and 4:
Ray F. Egerton Physical Principles
Page 5 and 6:
To Maia
Page 7 and 8:
viii Contents 3.3 Condenser-Lens Sy
Page 9 and 10:
PREFACE The telescope transformed o
Page 11 and 12:
Chapter 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO MICROS
Page 13 and 14:
An Introduction to Microscopy 3 In
Page 15 and 16:
An Introduction to Microscopy 5 Cha
Page 17 and 18:
An Introduction to Microscopy 7 eye
Page 19 and 20:
An Introduction to Microscopy 9 can
Page 21 and 22:
An Introduction to Microscopy 11 1.
Page 23 and 24:
An Introduction to Microscopy 13 Fi
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
An Introduction to Microscopy 23 A
Page 35 and 36:
An Introduction to Microscopy 25 el
Page 37 and 38:
28 Chapter 2 Rule 1 states that for
Page 39 and 40:
30 Chapter 2 that is curved rather
Page 41 and 42:
32 Chapter 2 x 0 object principal p
Page 43 and 44:
34 Chapter 2 2.3. Imaging with Elec
Page 45 and 46:
36 Chapter 2 cross-product or vecto
Page 47 and 48:
38 Chapter 2 important to remember
Page 49 and 50:
40 Chapter 2 A cross section throug
Page 51 and 52:
42 Chapter 2 As an example, we can
Page 53 and 54:
44 Chapter 2 microscopes, at a time
Page 55 and 56:
46 Chapter 2 When these non-paraxia
Page 57 and 58:
48 Chapter 2 So far, we have said n
Page 59 and 60:
50 Chapter 2 from the lens) for ele
Page 61 and 62:
52 Chapter 2 P (a) P (b) y y x x +V
Page 63 and 64:
54 Chapter 2 The stigmators found i
Page 65 and 66:
Chapter 3 THE TRANSMISSION ELECTRON
Page 67 and 68:
The Transmission Electron Microscop
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Chapter 4 TEM SPECIMENS AND IMAGES
Page 103 and 104:
TEM Specimens and Images 95 v 0 m M
Page 105 and 106:
TEM Specimens and Images 97 In prac
Page 107 and 108:
TEM Specimens and Images 99 P e (>
Page 109 and 110:
TEM Specimens and Images 101 4.4 Sc
Page 111 and 112:
TEM Specimens and Images 103 Figure
Page 113 and 114:
TEM Specimens and Images 105 as see
Page 115 and 116:
TEM Specimens and Images 107 dimens
Page 117 and 118:
TEM Specimens and Images 109 (discu
Page 119 and 120:
TEM Specimens and Images 111 Figure
Page 121 and 122:
TEM Specimens and Images 113 core,
Page 123 and 124:
TEM Specimens and Images 115 unders
Page 125 and 126:
TEM Specimens and Images 117 underf
Page 127 and 128:
TEM Specimens and Images 119 From t
Page 129 and 130:
TEM Specimens and Images 121 (a) (b
Page 131 and 132:
TEM Specimens and Images 123 of a s
Page 133 and 134:
Chapter 5 THE SCANNING ELECTRON MIC
Page 135 and 136:
The Scanning Electron Microscope 12
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154: The Scanning Electron Microscope 14
Page 163 and 164: 156 Chapter 6 where h = 6.63 � 10
Page 165 and 166: 158 Chapter 6 Many-electron atoms r
Page 167 and 168: 160 Chapter 6 Figure 6-2 also demon
Page 169 and 170: 162 Chapter 6 x-ray computer & disp
Page 171 and 172: 164 Chapter 6 Ideally, each peak in
Page 173 and 174: 166 Chapter 6 to balance the units
Page 175 and 176: 168 Chapter 6 a three-dimensional d
Page 177 and 178: 170 Chapter 6 to be analyzed, where
Page 179 and 180: 172 Chapter 6 different from the co
Page 181 and 182: 174 Chapter 6 A typical energy-loss
Page 183 and 184: Chapter 7 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 7.1 S
Page 185 and 186: Recent Developments 179 Figure 7-2.
Page 187 and 188: Recent Developments 181 below 0.1 n
Page 189 and 190: Recent Developments 183 one type of
Page 191 and 192: Recent Developments 185 Besides hav
Page 193 and 194: Recent Developments 187 Figure 7-7.
Page 195 and 196: Recent Developments 189 holder cont
Page 197 and 198: 192 Appendix cathode vacuum + + + +
Page 199 and 200: 194 Appendix The variable � repre
Page 201 and 202: 196 References Neutze, R., Wouts, R
Page 203: 198 Index Bright-field image, 100 B
Page 207: 202 Index Stacking fault, 114 Stage
show all

Physical Principles of Electron Microscopy: An Introduction to TEM ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?