Oceans of noise - Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society

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Appendix A - Some international instruments of actual or potentialrelevance to protection of cetaceans from ocean noise (other thanspecifically in relation to pollution)GlobalInstrument Adopted EntryintoforceInternational Convention for the Regulation of Whaling 1946 1948Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Culturaland Natural HeritageConvention on Wetlands of International Importanceespecially as Waterfowl HabitatConvention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of WildAnimals (“Bonn Convention”)United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea[see, inter alia: Parts V, VII and XI; and Art 194(5) of Part XII]1972 19751972 19751979 19831982 1994Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 1993RegionalInstrument Adopted EntryintoforceConvention on the Conservation of European Wildlife andNatural Habitats1979 1982Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine LivingResources1980 1982Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty -Annex V1991 not yet125
Instruments adopted under Bonn Convention:Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of theBaltic and North SeasAgreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea,Mediterranean Sea, and Contiguous Atlantic Area1992 19941996 2001Regional sea conventions:Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment ofthe North-East Atlantic[see, inter alia, Art 2(1); see also Annex V On the Protection andConservation of the Ecosystems and Biological Diversity of the MaritimeArea; and Appendix 3 on Criteria for Identifying Human Activities for thePurpose of Annex V]Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment ofthe Baltic Sea Area[see, inter alia, Art 15]Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea againstPollution[see, inter alia, Art V(5)]Convention for the Protection and Development of the MarineEnvironment of the Wider Caribbean Region[see, inter alia, Arts 4(1) & 10]Convention for the Protection, Management, and Developmentof the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern AfricanRegion[see, inter alia, Arts 4(1) & 10]Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment andthe Coastal Region of the Mediterranean[see, inter alia, Arts 4(1) & 10]Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea andGulf of Aden Environment[see, inter alia, Art III(1)]Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources andEnvironment of the South Pacific Region[see, inter alia, Arts 5(1), 13 & 14]1992 19981992 20001992 19941983 19861985 19961995 not yet1982 19851986 1990126
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Oceans of Noise 2004A WDCS Science
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In the US, the deployment of Low Fr
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its propagation beyond those declar
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The best evidence for noise being f
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Box 1. Characteristics of sound / l
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Sound speed (c)The speed (c) of a w
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Box 2. The effects of temperature,
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2.1.2. Measuring sound intensityIde
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i.e. Equal pressure measurements di
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Spherical or Geometrical spreading
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5.0 145Tug pulling loaded barge 1.0
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The source used during 3-D surveys
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Machinery noisePropulsion machinery
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Man-made islands /caissonsFixed pla
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12 3245Drill bit6Figure 3.4. Sound
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Transientnoise sourcesAircraftHelic
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Results from the aerial surveys con
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haemorrhaging in the inner ears and
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However they also noted that whales
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4. The Use of Sound by CetaceansChr
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seems logical, therefore, that if t
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However, despite the reported low a
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Kamminga and Wiersma 1981;Akamatsu
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SongSocial callsShrieksSlaps0.03-80
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anthropogenic factors that make the
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5.3 Longer-term impactsNoise is cle
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5.4 Indirect impactsThe above impac
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decompression sickness (DCS) as see
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6. Examples of regional and nationa
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6.3 ASCOBANS and ACCOBAMSTwo region
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implications and the discussion sho
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7.1. Consideration of Voluntary vs.
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acoustic measurements have been mad
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7.6. Methods of protectionComplianc
Page 76 and 77: 7.6.1 Monitoring7.6.1.1 Visual, aco
Page 78 and 79: Delory et al. (2002) use Ambient No
Page 80 and 81: 8. ReferencesAburto, A., Rountry, D
Page 82 and 83: Caldwell, M.C., Caldwell, D.K., and
Page 84 and 85: Engas, A., Lokkeborg, S., Ona, E. a
Page 86 and 87: IWC 2002b. Report of the Scientific
Page 88 and 89: McCauley, R.D. 1994. Seismic Survey
Page 90 and 91: Potter, J. and Delory, E. 2001. Noi
Page 92 and 93: Smolker, R.A., Mann, J. and Smuts,
Page 94 and 95: Watkins, W.A. 1981b. The activities
Page 96 and 97: ANNEX 1The Application of Marine Po
Page 98 and 99: an important factor. 13 The judgeme
Page 100 and 101: in the preparatory work of the LOSC
Page 102 and 103: practice by the UNEP Governing Coun
Page 104 and 105: protection and preservation of the
Page 106 and 107: than international rules, standards
Page 108 and 109: Four of the twelve regional seas tr
Page 110 and 111: seismic operations in the Protocol
Page 112 and 113: ConclusionAt the global level, only
Page 114 and 115: Art 209 LOSC focuses on both standa
Page 116 and 117: No State Party may impose condition
Page 118 and 119: coastal States”. This formulation
Page 120 and 121: If the IMO makes this determination
Page 122 and 123: estrictions to vessels operating in
Page 124 and 125: In the EEZ, in comparison to the te
Page 128 and 129: Convention for the Protection of th
Page 130 and 131: Available at:http://www.unep.ch/sea
Page 132 and 133: BucharestConventionArticle XIPollut
Page 134 and 135: environment1. The Contracting Parti
Page 136 and 137: - that under Article III.8.c) of AC
Page 138 and 139: e) no sudden or repeated change in
Page 140 and 141: Ref: Nowacek et al. 2001.Location:
Page 142 and 143: Location: Arctic• Vocal behaviour
Page 144 and 145: • Vaquita surfacing duration and
Page 146 and 147: • 6% of small delphinids (n=264;
Page 148 and 149: Species type: Boto, Inia geoffrensi
Page 150 and 151: • Humpback whales appeared tolera
Page 152 and 153: • Behaviour interpreted as aggres
Page 154 and 155: • There was no evidence of minke
Page 156 and 157: • Northern right whales may be ap
Page 158 and 159: • Migrating gray whales disturbed
Page 160 and 161: to Ensenada De La Paz, Mexico. Aqua
Page 162 and 163: distribution of humpback whales, Me
Page 164 and 165: Richardson, C.R. Greene, C.I. Malme
Page 166 and 167: Zhou, K., Pilleri, G. and Li, Y. 19
Page 168 and 169: 6. surveys for Cuvier’s beaked wh
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