Oceans of noise - Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society

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IWC 2002b. Report of the Scientific Committee. IWC 54/4Jepson, P. D., R. Deaville, T. Patterson, J. R. Baker, H. R. Ross, A. Pocknell, F. Howie, R. J. Reid and A. A.Cunningham. 2003. Novel cetacean gas bubble injuries: Acoustically induced decompression sickness? Presentation tothe European Cetacean Society Conference, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, March 2003.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2000. Abstract presented at the Animal Bioacoustics session of the 142 ndmeeting of the JASA.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2001. Abstract presented at the Animal Bioacoustics session of the joint140 th meeting of the JASA / NOISE-CON.Jefferson, T.A., Stacey, P.J. and Baird, R.W. 1991. A review of killer whale interactions with other marine mammals:predation and co-existence. Mammal Review 151-180.Johnson, C.S., McManus, M.W. and Skaar, D. 1989. Masked tonal hearing thresholds in the beluga whale. Journal ofthe Acoustical Society of America 85: 2651-2654.Johnston, D.W. and Woodley, T.H. 1998. A survey of acoustic harassment devices (AHD) use in the Bay of Fundy,NB, Canada. Aquatic Mammals 24: 51-61.Kamminga, C. and Van Der Ree, A.F. 1976. Discrimination of solid and hollow spheres by Tursiops truncatus(Montagu) Aquatic Mammals 4: 1-9.Kamminga, C. and Van Velden, J.G. 1987. Sonar signals of Pseudorca crassidens in comparison with Tursiopstruncatus. Aquatic Mammals 13: 43-49.Kamminga, C. and Wiersma, H. 1981. Acoustical similarities and differences in odontocete sonar signals. AquaticMammals 8: 41-62.Kastelein, R.A., Au, W. W. L. and de Haan, D. 2000. Detection distances of bottom-set gillnets by harbour porpoises(Phocoena phocoena) and bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Marine Environmental Research. 49. 359-375.Kastelein, R.A., Nieuwstraten, S.H., Stall, C., van Ligtenberg, C.L. and Versteegh, D. 1997. Low-frequency aerialhearing of a harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). In The Biology of the Harbour Porpoise (ed. A.J. Read et al.). DeSpil Publishing, Woerden, The Netherlands.Kemper, C. M. Gibbs, S. E. 1997. A Study of life history parameters of dolphins and seals entangled in tuna farms nearPort Lincoln, and comparisons with information from other South Australian dolphin carcasses : report to EnvironmentAustralia (Australian Nature Conservation Agency) 49p.Ketten, D. R. 1998. Marine mammal auditory systems: A summary of audiometric and anatomical data and itsimplications for underwater acoustic impacts. NOAA Technical Memorandum. NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-256.Ketten, D. R. 1997. Structure and function in whale ears. Bioacoustics. 8. 103-137.Ketten, D.R. 1995. Estimates of blast injury and acoustic trauma zones for marine mammals from underwaterexplosions. In Sensory Systems of Marine Mammals (ed. R.A. Kastelein, J.A. Thomas and P.E. Nachtigall).pp. 391-407. De Spil Publishing, Woerden, Netherlands.Ketten, D. R. 1992. The marine mammal ear: specialization for aquatic audition and echolocation. In: The evolutionarybiology of hearing. Eds. Webster, Fay and Popper. Springer-Verlag, NY. P. 717-754.Knowlton, A.R., Clark, C.W. and Kraus S.D. 1991. Sounds recorded in the presence of sei whales. In Abstracts of the94 th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals, Chicago, Illinois, December 1991. p 40. Society ofMarine Mammalogy, Chicago, Illinois.Kolchin, S.P. and Bel’kovich, V.M. 1973. Tactile sensitivity in Delphinus delphis. Zoologicheskiy zhurnal 52: 620-622.Kruse, S. 1991. The interactions between killer whales and boats in Johnstone Strait, B.C. In Dolphin societies, Editedby K. Pryor and K.S. Norris. University of California Press, Berkeley.85
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Oceans of Noise 2004A WDCS Science
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In the US, the deployment of Low Fr
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its propagation beyond those declar
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The best evidence for noise being f
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Box 1. Characteristics of sound / l
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Sound speed (c)The speed (c) of a w
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Box 2. The effects of temperature,
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2.1.2. Measuring sound intensityIde
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i.e. Equal pressure measurements di
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Spherical or Geometrical spreading
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5.0 145Tug pulling loaded barge 1.0
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The source used during 3-D surveys
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Machinery noisePropulsion machinery
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Man-made islands /caissonsFixed pla
Page 36 and 37: 12 3245Drill bit6Figure 3.4. Sound
Page 38 and 39: Transientnoise sourcesAircraftHelic
Page 40 and 41: Results from the aerial surveys con
Page 42 and 43: haemorrhaging in the inner ears and
Page 44 and 45: However they also noted that whales
Page 46 and 47: 4. The Use of Sound by CetaceansChr
Page 48 and 49: seems logical, therefore, that if t
Page 50 and 51: However, despite the reported low a
Page 52 and 53: Kamminga and Wiersma 1981;Akamatsu
Page 54 and 55: SongSocial callsShrieksSlaps0.03-80
Page 56 and 57: anthropogenic factors that make the
Page 58 and 59: 5.3 Longer-term impactsNoise is cle
Page 60 and 61: 5.4 Indirect impactsThe above impac
Page 62 and 63: decompression sickness (DCS) as see
Page 64 and 65: 6. Examples of regional and nationa
Page 66 and 67: 6.3 ASCOBANS and ACCOBAMSTwo region
Page 68 and 69: implications and the discussion sho
Page 70 and 71: 7.1. Consideration of Voluntary vs.
Page 72 and 73: acoustic measurements have been mad
Page 74 and 75: 7.6. Methods of protectionComplianc
Page 76 and 77: 7.6.1 Monitoring7.6.1.1 Visual, aco
Page 78 and 79: Delory et al. (2002) use Ambient No
Page 80 and 81: 8. ReferencesAburto, A., Rountry, D
Page 82 and 83: Caldwell, M.C., Caldwell, D.K., and
Page 84 and 85: Engas, A., Lokkeborg, S., Ona, E. a
Page 88 and 89: McCauley, R.D. 1994. Seismic Survey
Page 90 and 91: Potter, J. and Delory, E. 2001. Noi
Page 92 and 93: Smolker, R.A., Mann, J. and Smuts,
Page 94 and 95: Watkins, W.A. 1981b. The activities
Page 96 and 97: ANNEX 1The Application of Marine Po
Page 98 and 99: an important factor. 13 The judgeme
Page 100 and 101: in the preparatory work of the LOSC
Page 102 and 103: practice by the UNEP Governing Coun
Page 104 and 105: protection and preservation of the
Page 106 and 107: than international rules, standards
Page 108 and 109: Four of the twelve regional seas tr
Page 110 and 111: seismic operations in the Protocol
Page 112 and 113: ConclusionAt the global level, only
Page 114 and 115: Art 209 LOSC focuses on both standa
Page 116 and 117: No State Party may impose condition
Page 118 and 119: coastal States”. This formulation
Page 120 and 121: If the IMO makes this determination
Page 122 and 123: estrictions to vessels operating in
Page 124 and 125: In the EEZ, in comparison to the te
Page 126 and 127: Appendix A - Some international ins
Page 128 and 129: Convention for the Protection of th
Page 130 and 131: Available at:http://www.unep.ch/sea
Page 132 and 133: BucharestConventionArticle XIPollut
Page 134 and 135: environment1. The Contracting Parti
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- that under Article III.8.c) of AC
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e) no sudden or repeated change in
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Ref: Nowacek et al. 2001.Location:
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Location: Arctic• Vocal behaviour
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• Vaquita surfacing duration and
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• 6% of small delphinids (n=264;
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Species type: Boto, Inia geoffrensi
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• Humpback whales appeared tolera
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• Behaviour interpreted as aggres
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• There was no evidence of minke
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• Northern right whales may be ap
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• Migrating gray whales disturbed
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to Ensenada De La Paz, Mexico. Aqua
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distribution of humpback whales, Me
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Richardson, C.R. Greene, C.I. Malme
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Zhou, K., Pilleri, G. and Li, Y. 19
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6. surveys for Cuvier’s beaked wh
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