Oceans of noise - Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society

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distribution of humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, in Hawaii. Marine Mammal CommissionReport No. MMC-86/06. 35pp.Goodyear, J. 1989. Feeding ecology, night behaviour, and vessel collision risk of Bay of Fundy rightwhales. In Abstracts of the 8 th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals, December 1989,Pacific Grove, California. p. 23. Society of Marine Mammalogy, Pacific Grove, California. 81pp.(Abstract)Gordon, J., Leaper, R., Hartley, F.G. and Chappell, O. 1992. Effects of whale-watching vessels on thesurface and underwater acoustic behaviour of sperm whales off Kaikoura, New Zealand. Science andResearch Services Series No. 52. Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Department of Conservation.64pp.Green, M.L. 1990. The impact of parasail boats on the Hawaiian humpback whale, Megapteranovaeangliae. Paper presented at the Marine Mammal Commission Hearings, March 1990, Honolulu,Hawaii. 11pp.Green, M.L. and Green, R.G. 1990. Short-term impact of vessel traffic on the Hawaiian humpback whale,Megaptera novaeangliae. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Animal Behavior Society, June1990, Buffalo, New York. 9pp.Gregory, P.R. and Rowden, A.A. 2001. Behaviour patterns of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatusrelative to tidal state, time of day, and boat traffic in Cardigan Bay, West Wales. Aquatic Mammals 27:105-113.Heimlich-Boran, J.R., Heimlich-Boran, S.L., Montero, R. and Martin, V. 1994. An overview of whalewatchingin the Canary Islands. European Cetacean Society Newsletter 21.Hubbs, C.L. 1965. Data on speed and underwater exhalation of a humpback whale accompanying ships.Hvalrådets Skr. 48: 42-44.Hubbs, C.L. and Hubbs, L.C. 1967. Gray whale censuses by airplane in Mexico. California Fish and Game53: 23-27.Janik, V.M. and Thompson, P.M. 1996. Changes in surfacing patterns of bottlenose dolphins in response toboat traffic. Marine Mammal Science 12: 597-602.Jefferson, T.A., Stacey, P.J. and Baird, R.W. 1991. A review of killer whale interactions with other marinemammals: predation and co-existence. Mammal Review 151-180.Johnson, S.R.L. 1983. Assessment of the effects of oil on Arctic marine fish and marine mammals.Canadian Technical Reports of fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 12.00. November 1983. Report for theArctic Research Directors Committee of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans.Karczmarski, L., Thornton, M. and Cockcroft, V.G. 1997. Description of selected behaviours ofhumpbacked dolphins, Sousa chinensis. Aquatic Mammals 23: 127-133.Karczmarski, L., Cockcroft, V.G., McLachlan, A. and Winter, P.E.D. 1998. Recommendations for theconservation and management of humpback dolphins Sousa chinensis in the Algoa Bay region, SouthAfrica. Koedoe 41: 121-129.Kaufman, G. and Wood, K. 1981. Effects of boat traffic, air traffic and military activity on Hawaiianhumpback whales. In Abstracts of the 4 th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals,December 1981, San Francisco. p. 67. Society of Marine Mammalogy, San Francisco. (Abstract).161
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Oceans of Noise 2004A WDCS Science
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In the US, the deployment of Low Fr
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its propagation beyond those declar
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The best evidence for noise being f
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Box 1. Characteristics of sound / l
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Sound speed (c)The speed (c) of a w
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Box 2. The effects of temperature,
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2.1.2. Measuring sound intensityIde
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i.e. Equal pressure measurements di
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Spherical or Geometrical spreading
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5.0 145Tug pulling loaded barge 1.0
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The source used during 3-D surveys
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Machinery noisePropulsion machinery
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Man-made islands /caissonsFixed pla
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12 3245Drill bit6Figure 3.4. Sound
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Transientnoise sourcesAircraftHelic
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Results from the aerial surveys con
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haemorrhaging in the inner ears and
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However they also noted that whales
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4. The Use of Sound by CetaceansChr
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seems logical, therefore, that if t
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However, despite the reported low a
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Kamminga and Wiersma 1981;Akamatsu
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SongSocial callsShrieksSlaps0.03-80
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anthropogenic factors that make the
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5.3 Longer-term impactsNoise is cle
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5.4 Indirect impactsThe above impac
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decompression sickness (DCS) as see
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6. Examples of regional and nationa
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6.3 ASCOBANS and ACCOBAMSTwo region
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implications and the discussion sho
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7.1. Consideration of Voluntary vs.
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acoustic measurements have been mad
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7.6. Methods of protectionComplianc
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7.6.1 Monitoring7.6.1.1 Visual, aco
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Delory et al. (2002) use Ambient No
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8. ReferencesAburto, A., Rountry, D
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Caldwell, M.C., Caldwell, D.K., and
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Engas, A., Lokkeborg, S., Ona, E. a
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IWC 2002b. Report of the Scientific
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McCauley, R.D. 1994. Seismic Survey
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Potter, J. and Delory, E. 2001. Noi
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Smolker, R.A., Mann, J. and Smuts,
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Watkins, W.A. 1981b. The activities
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ANNEX 1The Application of Marine Po
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an important factor. 13 The judgeme
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in the preparatory work of the LOSC
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practice by the UNEP Governing Coun
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protection and preservation of the
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than international rules, standards
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Four of the twelve regional seas tr
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seismic operations in the Protocol
Page 112 and 113: ConclusionAt the global level, only
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Page 118 and 119: coastal States”. This formulation
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Page 122 and 123: estrictions to vessels operating in
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Page 126 and 127: Appendix A - Some international ins
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Page 130 and 131: Available at:http://www.unep.ch/sea
Page 132 and 133: BucharestConventionArticle XIPollut
Page 134 and 135: environment1. The Contracting Parti
Page 136 and 137: - that under Article III.8.c) of AC
Page 138 and 139: e) no sudden or repeated change in
Page 140 and 141: Ref: Nowacek et al. 2001.Location:
Page 142 and 143: Location: Arctic• Vocal behaviour
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Page 148 and 149: Species type: Boto, Inia geoffrensi
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Page 154 and 155: • There was no evidence of minke
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Page 164 and 165: Richardson, C.R. Greene, C.I. Malme
Page 166 and 167: Zhou, K., Pilleri, G. and Li, Y. 19
Page 168 and 169: 6. surveys for Cuvier’s beaked wh
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