Oceans of noise - Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society

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environment1. The Contracting Parties shall adopt measures to prevent, reduce,control and remedy pollution and other forms of deterioration of themarine and coastal environment, including:[...](b) Pollution caused by ships and any other arrangement orinstallation that operates in the marine environment ...133
Annex 2. Guidelines for commercial cetacean-watching activities in theACCOBAMS areaRESOLUTION 1.11GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL CETACEAN -WATCHING ACTIVITIES IN THEACCOBAMS AREAThe Meeting of the Parties to the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea,Mediterranean Sea and contiguous Atlantic area,Considering- that cetacean-watching activities for commercial purposes are increasingly beingdeveloped in the ACCOBAMS area and require to be regulated;- that commercial cetacean-watching activities, where properly conducted, do contribute tothe building of education and awareness on cetaceans and their habitat;Noting :- that the International Whaling Commission, at its 48th annual meeting (1996), adoptedthe Scientific Committee's recommendations on the general principles for themanagement of whale-watching (IWC Resolution 1996-2);- that the Workshop on the Legal Aspects of Whale Watching, held in Punta Arenas, Chile,in 1997 and sponsored by IFAW (International Fund for Animal Welfare), drafted theOptions for the Development of Legislation or Guidelines Related to Whale Watching;- the code of conduct for cetacean watching drafted under the Agreement between France,Italy and Monaco on the Mediterranean Sanctuary for Marine Mammals;- that legislation or guidelines applying to cetacean-watching activities have been adoptedby a number of countries;Acknowledging- that under Article II.1, of ACCOBAMS the Parties shall prohibit and take all necessarymeasures to eliminate any deliberate taking of cetaceans, including harassing or attempting toengage in any such conduct;- that under Chapter 2 of Annex 2 to ACCOBAMS, when necessary, the Parties shall developguidelines and/or codes of conduct to regulate or manage activities which create interactionsbetween humans and cetaceans, such as touristic activities;- that under Chapter 1.c) of Annex 2 to ACCOBAMS the Parties shall require impact assessmentsto be carried out in order to provide a basis for either allowing or prohibiting the continuation orthe future development of activities that may affect cetaceans or their habitat in theACCOBAMS area, including tourism and cetacean-watching, as well as establishing theconditions under which such activities may be conducted;134
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Oceans of Noise 2004A WDCS Science
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In the US, the deployment of Low Fr
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its propagation beyond those declar
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The best evidence for noise being f
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Box 1. Characteristics of sound / l
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Sound speed (c)The speed (c) of a w
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Box 2. The effects of temperature,
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2.1.2. Measuring sound intensityIde
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i.e. Equal pressure measurements di
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Spherical or Geometrical spreading
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5.0 145Tug pulling loaded barge 1.0
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The source used during 3-D surveys
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Machinery noisePropulsion machinery
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Man-made islands /caissonsFixed pla
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12 3245Drill bit6Figure 3.4. Sound
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Transientnoise sourcesAircraftHelic
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Results from the aerial surveys con
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haemorrhaging in the inner ears and
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However they also noted that whales
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4. The Use of Sound by CetaceansChr
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seems logical, therefore, that if t
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However, despite the reported low a
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Kamminga and Wiersma 1981;Akamatsu
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SongSocial callsShrieksSlaps0.03-80
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anthropogenic factors that make the
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5.3 Longer-term impactsNoise is cle
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5.4 Indirect impactsThe above impac
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decompression sickness (DCS) as see
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6. Examples of regional and nationa
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6.3 ASCOBANS and ACCOBAMSTwo region
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implications and the discussion sho
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7.1. Consideration of Voluntary vs.
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acoustic measurements have been mad
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7.6. Methods of protectionComplianc
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7.6.1 Monitoring7.6.1.1 Visual, aco
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Delory et al. (2002) use Ambient No
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8. ReferencesAburto, A., Rountry, D
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Caldwell, M.C., Caldwell, D.K., and
Page 84 and 85: Engas, A., Lokkeborg, S., Ona, E. a
Page 86 and 87: IWC 2002b. Report of the Scientific
Page 88 and 89: McCauley, R.D. 1994. Seismic Survey
Page 90 and 91: Potter, J. and Delory, E. 2001. Noi
Page 92 and 93: Smolker, R.A., Mann, J. and Smuts,
Page 94 and 95: Watkins, W.A. 1981b. The activities
Page 96 and 97: ANNEX 1The Application of Marine Po
Page 98 and 99: an important factor. 13 The judgeme
Page 100 and 101: in the preparatory work of the LOSC
Page 102 and 103: practice by the UNEP Governing Coun
Page 104 and 105: protection and preservation of the
Page 106 and 107: than international rules, standards
Page 108 and 109: Four of the twelve regional seas tr
Page 110 and 111: seismic operations in the Protocol
Page 112 and 113: ConclusionAt the global level, only
Page 114 and 115: Art 209 LOSC focuses on both standa
Page 116 and 117: No State Party may impose condition
Page 118 and 119: coastal States”. This formulation
Page 120 and 121: If the IMO makes this determination
Page 122 and 123: estrictions to vessels operating in
Page 124 and 125: In the EEZ, in comparison to the te
Page 126 and 127: Appendix A - Some international ins
Page 128 and 129: Convention for the Protection of th
Page 130 and 131: Available at:http://www.unep.ch/sea
Page 132 and 133: BucharestConventionArticle XIPollut
Page 136 and 137: - that under Article III.8.c) of AC
Page 138 and 139: e) no sudden or repeated change in
Page 140 and 141: Ref: Nowacek et al. 2001.Location:
Page 142 and 143: Location: Arctic• Vocal behaviour
Page 144 and 145: • Vaquita surfacing duration and
Page 146 and 147: • 6% of small delphinids (n=264;
Page 148 and 149: Species type: Boto, Inia geoffrensi
Page 150 and 151: • Humpback whales appeared tolera
Page 152 and 153: • Behaviour interpreted as aggres
Page 154 and 155: • There was no evidence of minke
Page 156 and 157: • Northern right whales may be ap
Page 158 and 159: • Migrating gray whales disturbed
Page 160 and 161: to Ensenada De La Paz, Mexico. Aqua
Page 162 and 163: distribution of humpback whales, Me
Page 164 and 165: Richardson, C.R. Greene, C.I. Malme
Page 166 and 167: Zhou, K., Pilleri, G. and Li, Y. 19
Page 168 and 169: 6. surveys for Cuvier’s beaked wh
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