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380Pacific WorldTraité sur l’Inépuisable Lampe du Zen: Tørei (1721–1792)et sa vision de l’éveil. . By Michel Mohr. Two volumes.Mélanges Chinois et Bouddhiques, vol. XXVIII. Brusells:Institut Belge des Hautes Études Chinoises, 1997. xxii,867 pages (two volumes paginated consecutively). Indexincludes Chinese characters for entries.Richard PayneThe Institute of Buddhist StudiesThis is a study of the most important work by one of the most importantearly modern Rinzai Zen teachers, Tørei Enji. He was one of the leadingdisciples of the much more widely known Hakuin, and published hisDiscourse on the Inexhaustible Lamp of Zen (the “Traité sur l’InépuisableLampe du Zen” of this publication’s title) in 1800. Standing as it does at theturning point between the premodern and modern periods of Japanesereligious history, this work is a key to understanding both the developmentof Rinzai Zen in the modern period and of modern JapaneseBuddhism more generally.Mohr’s work is an exemplary instance of a detailed textual study.The work is divided into three parts. The first part is a general introduction,the second part is the translation per se, together with notes to thetranslation, and the third part is appendices. (The first volume containsthe introduction and the translation, while the second contains thenotes and appendices.)The introduction provides the reader with the information needed tounderstand the place of Tørei and his work in Japanese religious history.The first chapter discusses the origin of the Rinzai school of Zen, which wasconstituted as an independent school in the middle of the Kamakura era,at the end to the twelfth and beginning of the thirteenth century. Mohr,however, goes back to introduce the precursors—such figures as Kakuaand Dainichi Nønin. Greater attention is paid to Myøan Yøsai, who hasbeen raised to the status of founder of the Rinzai tradition in Japan. Yøsaitravelled to China where he studied under a Linji master and receivedcertification to teach the school when he returned to Japan. This is followedby an examination of major figures of the Rinzai school following Yøsai.Mohr then goes on to discuss the foundations of the early modern periodof Japan, and the key role of Nobunaga, Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa.In this section Mohr introduces the political and social history ofpremodern Zen. He discusses issues of legitimacy and recognition by thebakufu, as well as the role of Buddhism in the conflict with Christianity. Inthe seventeenth century, various efforts toward reform were initiated,