standards / manuals / guidelines for small hydro development - AHEC

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1.3 SWITCHYARD• AVR & Excitation system• Generator protection/relay and control panel• A.C. auxiliary supply• D.C. control supply, batteries & battery charger• TG start up panel• Synchronizing panel• Generator transformer• Station transformer• Unit auxiliary transformer (if applicable)• Relay and control panel• Switchyard structure• VCBs Isolators• CTs• PTs• LA• Lineside Isolator• Surge counters• Outgoing lines1.4 OTHER SYSTEMS• Lighting system, emergency lighting• Station earthing, lightening protection• Communication system• Fire fighting and hydrant system• Safety tagging & safety interlocks2.0 GUIDELINES FOR OPERATION OF POWER PLANTGuidelines for operation of power plant shall have two elements:-• Water operation• Operation of Power Plant2.1 WATER OPERATIONJust like operation of Turbine Generator set or a transformer, efficient water operationforms an important part of hydro power plant be it large storage plant or small run ofriver plant. Water operation means operation of following systems of the hydro plantin such a manner that efficiency of plant is maximum. It is generally reflected inkWH/cumec.2.1.1 Catchment AreaThe area gives the run off into the lake/pond/river during rainy season. Run off ratecubic metre/mm should be known to operator to adjust generation accordingly.AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/ E&M Works – Guidelines for Operation and Maintenance of Small Hydropower Station 2
2.1.2 Lake/Storage/PondThe operation of lake based plant means keeping the level such that during rainyseason the over flow chances are minimum. In case of diversion type plants it isessential to keep the gates during flood conditions open to avoid flooding and lowerthem only when rain is low or over. In such plant it is essential to check that there isno leakage from the gates or stop log gates. If operator notes that the leakage is more,he should pass on his observation to higher authorities to ensure corrective measuresin the interest of having more generation.2.1.3 Run of River Type PlantsAvailability of water is more important factor in operation of hydro power plants. It istherefore, essential to generate continuously to its full capacity during monsoonseason. Failure of a machine during monsoon can cause a substantial generation loss.All operation staff must, therefore, be very vigilant during this period. In lean seasondiversion barrage gates/diversion weir gates are checked for leakage, correctivemeasures are taken as soon as possible so that there may not be any generation loss onthis account.2.1.4 Power Channel/Duct/CanalThe operation of open channel/duct is critical to water operation and efficiency ofplant. Depending upon the length, condition of lining, head on head regulator, timerequired discharge to reach forebay and to the machine. As per this discharge guidevane opening is calculated. Any time delay or change in opening will affect waterreaching the TG unit causing change in generation. The time taken by water to reachthe turbine will depend on many factors and only experience will make the operatorperfect.2.1.5 ForebayForebay is a essential part of any water conductor system with open channel. It servesthe purpose of connecting penstocks with gates and acts as tank. It takes care of smallvariation in generation, water supply and acts as desilting basin. The operation offorebay is important during picking up load and at the time of tripping of machines.Actual over flow, through bye pass, is always recorded to calculate water wastedduring over flow, specially during lean season.2.2 OPERATION OF POWER STATIONThe operation of power station requires that its staff is trained and well versed with allnecessary technical as well as basic trouble shooting knowledge. As a briefdescription to bring out some details of operating a SHP, the following checks are tobe made before starting of machine:-• Shut down clearance• Water restriction, if any• Permission for ALDCAHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/ E&M Works – Guidelines for Operation and Maintenance of Small Hydropower Station 3
Page 1 and 2: STANDARDS / MANUALS / GUIDELINES FO
Page 3 and 4: ITEMSPAGE NO4.2 Preventive Maintena
Page 5: SECTION - IGUIDELINES FOR OPERATION
Page 9 and 10: 2.2.3 Electrical• Air seal valve
Page 11 and 12: • Start command initiated(iv)Sync
Page 13 and 14: ‣ Check whether supply to various
Page 15 and 16: - Intake gates, bye pass gates, D.T
Page 17 and 18: • To arrange for evacuation of ma
Page 19 and 20: SECTION - IIGUIDELINES FOR MAINTENA
Page 21 and 22: 2.3 PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCEThis sort
Page 23 and 24: 6. Oil Leakage Unit:i) Check any le
Page 25 and 26: 5. Shaft Gland Seal and Air Seal:i)
Page 27 and 28: v) In case the runner is found to b
Page 29 and 30: iii) Preheating of the blade to abo
Page 31 and 32: E. GovernorDifferent types of gover
Page 33 and 34: Sl. No. Description Periodicity Rem
Page 41 and 42: 4.2.1 Daily ChecksSl.No.Assembly It
Page 43 and 44: 4.2.3 Annual Inspection & Maintenan
Page 45 and 46: Sl.No.Assembly Item Check Point Met
Page 47 and 48: • Check all joints, tightness of
Page 49 and 50: S.No.Item to beinspectedInspection
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4.4 PREVANTIVE MAINTENANCE OF HYDRO
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Spherical valves (for heads more th
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• Check rotor level, verticality
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• Any possible inbalance of runne
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The blades are set to the no-load p
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IV.Rotational Checks‣ Arrangement
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Fig 6: Resultant Method of Throw Ca
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Fig 9: checking Verticality of Gene
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oFig 11: Checking Balancing of Gene
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Procedure for preliminary alignment
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Fig 14: Determining Displacements o
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SECTION-IIIGENERAL GUIDE LINES1.0 G
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• On placing them on operation du
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Safety Precautions and Practices in
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Results of test and measurements ca
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(NAME OF POWER STATION)DAILY GENERA
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(NAME OF POWER STATION)DAILY TRIPPI
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UnitGENERATION(MU)TOTALTIME(Hrs:Min
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MONTHLY TRIPPING REPORTFOR THE MONT
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AHEC/MNRE/SHP Standards/ E&M Works
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(POWER STATION)ANNUAL MAINTENANCE S
Page 99 and 100:
UNIT/ EQUIPMENT/ FEEDER BAY/:DATE &
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