Download the Indonesia Human Development Report 2004. - UNDP

Table 1 – Districts making the greatest progress, 1999-2002District Province Reduction inshortfall1999-2002Banggai Central Sulawesi 4.0Paniai Papua 2.9Musi Banyuasin South Sumatera 2.9Nias North Sumatera 2.8Soppeng South Sulawesi 2.6South Central Timor East Nusa Tenggara 2.6Kota Sabang Nangroe Aceh Darussalam 2.5Dairi North Sumatera 2.5West Sumba East Nusa Tenggara 2.4Sikka East Nusa Tenggara 2.4North Lampung Lampung 2.4Tangerang Banten 2.4Belu East Nusa Tenggara 2.4Kota Mojokerto East Jawa 2.4Kota Bekasi West Jawa 2.4Kota Kupang East Nusa Tenggara 2.4In 2002, none of the 341 districts fell in the categoryof high human development – 167 were in the uppermediumcategory, 172 were in the lower-medium and 2were in the low category. However, there have been anumber of boundary changes that will have affected theHDIs. Tapanuli Selatan, for example, lost what is nowMandailing Natal and between 1999 and 2002 its HDIincreased from 65.2 to 68.4. Padang Pariaman lost whatis now Kepulauan Mentawai and its HDI increased from64.4 to 65.7. Although most districts increased their HDIsome districts that had lost part of their areas also suffereddeclines. Sarolangun, for example, which lost what is nowthe district of Merangin saw its HDI fall from 65.0 to64.9.Comparing human development across Indonesia alsoshows an imbalance between the western and eastern partsof the country (Figure 4). Most districts in the east belongto the lower-middle or low HDI category while those inthe west are predominantly in the upper-middle category.These imbalances in human development are primarilythe result of imbalances in educational achievementprincipally in mean years of schooling along withachievements in living standards, as reflected in per capitaconsumption (Figure 5).Imbalances in overall HDI between the provinces,however, are relatively low and continued to fall duringthe period 1999-2002. This is indicated by the the standarddeviation among the provinces which is less than 4%.Even so, the provinces do, on the other hand still showconsiderable differences in living standards.However, there are often relative large disparities inhuman development between districts within provinces.Two of the 30 provinces have quite wide disparities –Papua and East Java (Figure 6). In East Java, for example,the lowest HDI level is in the district of Sampang at 49.7and the highest is in Kota Mojokerto at 72.8. In Sampangthe HDI level does not appear to have changedsignificantly in the past three years, with the HDIremaining at around 50.Figure 5 – Disparities in component indicatorsbetween Eastern and Western provinces,1999-2002National Human Development Report 2004 77