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Figure 8 – GDI by province, 1999-2002Figure 9 – GEM by province, 1999-2002Kalimantan, Central Sulawesi and South East Sulawesisaw their rates increase (Figure 11). The setbacks in theseprovinces are due to a reduction in access to clean waterand a decline in nutritional status. On the other hand therewere increases in access to health services and to basiceducation.Among the provinces, the HPI in 2002 ranges between13.2 and 38.0 (Figure 12). The province with the highestranking is DKI Jakarta with a HPI of 13.2 while theprovince with the lowest ranking is West Kalimantan witha HDI of 38.0. The HPI rates for provinces overall arelower than in 1999 when they ranged from 15.5 to 38.7though the highest and lowest rankings did not change.At the district level, on the other hand, there have beena number of changes between 1999 and 2002. In 1999,the HPIs ranged from 8.3% in North Jakarta to 47.7% inJayawijaya, while in 2002 they ranged from 8.0% inBalikpapan to 51.2% in Jayawijaya.Figure 10 – GEM by components, 1999-2002National Human Development Report 2004 81