Emerging Viruses-Aids & Ebola - By Leanard ... - preterhuman.net

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ROBERT: They're in the references [we published]. [26] They'realso in the Federal Register. . . .So we think that they went over there and tested it. . . . Thensomebody put it back into us or simply used it in us.[Again, I thought, it makes more sense to place the source of theexperimental AIDS viruses in Bethesda and not Russia given thatthe WHO had made the NCI, and not a Russian institution, theinitial distributor of viral testing reagents [27-29] And since theinitial homosexual outbreak of AIDS was in New York,Szmuness and his New York colleagues along with Merckresearchers seemed to be the prime suspects. Then I wonderedwhether there were any documented links between Gallo's groupand Szmuness?]Manufacturing AIDS‐Like <strong>Viruses</strong>LEN: OK. Now let's get a little bit more specific about the virusitself. With regard to the AIDS virus, had it been specificallymanufactured, what might have been the first steps? What do youthink the researchers began with?ROBERT: I think they began with bovine visna virus, which theyknew was a T-cell destroyer. And they made that by crossingbovine and visna [viruses] in cattle. . . .Visna is the virus in sheep. Its characteristic is a destroyer, andthey wanted a T-cell destroyer. So they took a T-cell attacker-thebovine leukemia virus and crossed it with a visna to make a T-cell destroyer, which is exactly what they got. But then all theyhad was a T-cell destroyer in cattle which wasn't very good forhumans. So then they grew it in human tissue, and when you dothat it adapts to human beings (see fig. 7.1). And there are a hostof ways to get these things to grow in tissue even if the receptorswon't take [the virus]. . . .LEN: They could have delivered the viral RNA a number ofways.ROBERT: Yes. One of the ways is by pseudovirus formation. . ..Pseudovirus formation is where you put in a simultaneousmixture of cells and viruses, and what happens is, for instance, ifyou put bovine and visna viruses in with herpes virus; in thepackaging process, you'll get BVV genome inside a herpes coatand visa versa.So then you separate out all the herpes ones, and it just infectsany cells which are sensitive to herpes. And you can artificiallyintroduce BVV into a herpes-sensitive cell, because it has BVVon the inside and herpes on the outside.LEN: I remember reading through studies about that technique
eing used.ROBERT: Yeah. Another way is you treat 'em with heat, and theyopen up. Or you can use some detergents that will open them up,or there's a host of different things; even some viruses will tendto open them up. It makes the cells permeable even though theynormally wouldn't be, so you can introduce the one you want toget in even though there's no real receptor for it.LEN: OK. So it could've been bovine visna virus, BVV, but alsothere was some speculation it could have been scrapie, anothersheep virus, right?ROBERT: Yeah, well. . . . Scrapie's a little bit different thanvisna, but basically I don't think scrapie's a retrovirus. It's like it,but it's not the culprit.LEN: During our first conversation, you also mentioned, likeother researchers, you could actually take a look at the AIDSvirus, and it looks like it's been spliced in particular regions.ROBERT: Oh yes. Actually, looking at it was one of the firstthings that told us what it was because BVV and AIDS, ofcourse, look identical, and there weren't that many 'D-type'retroviruses. There were only a few.The 'D-type' are cylindrical-shaped retroviruses which of courseBVV and AIDS are identical. Besides the fact that they were bothmagnesium dependent and were T-cell attackers that wouldproduce syncytium and could wipe out cells.And then what you do is look at the genome. Actually, a paper byGallo published in 'Science' I think about '83, or '86, said he tookthe restriction endonucleases [scissor-like enzymes] and treatedthe virus, and showed that when the virus falls apart, that where itfalls apart are exactly at the gene lines.In other words, it manages to fall apart just at the places wherethey could have constructed it.LEN: Is that right? Just where the foreign pieces might havecome together?ROBERT: Yes, it falls apart in ten or twelve places. . . becausethose endonucleases cut at specific points.But, what's interesting is . . . if it occurred spontaneously [innature], why would it fall apart exactly where the genes occurred- the gag, pol, envelope, the tat genes? [30] Everything sort ofcuts apart just the way you would put it together if you wereconstructing it. . . . [This] we thought [was] the strongest piece ofevidence that would have said they actually put it togetherentirely in a lab.LEN: And how might they have done that then? Let's say they
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EMERGING VIRUSES: AIDS &EBOLANature
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inherent in the production of live
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natural barrier and has been shown
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"DAVID was an alcoholic, an active
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mass of circumstantial and scientif
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investigators, for a grossly uninfo
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NIAID-National Institute for Allerg
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Part IIntroduction and Scientific B
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viruses in the cow carcasses used t
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depend to maintain our relative fre
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ʺThe WHO Does What?ʺ"The only thi
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the buildup of new susceptibles in
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In 1964, shortly after President Ke
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lymphotrophic (lymph-cell-targeting
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immunological and therapeutic proce
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substances used in the diagnosis of
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Chronicle 1969;23;3:112-117.[20] Si
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In February 1967, as international
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experiments conducted at Porton, En
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technique, weapon, tactic, or strat
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mankind in general, require that th
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experimental studies is to be comme
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the virus genome, the genetic makeu
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[17] Horowitz LG and Kehoe L. Fear
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Chapter 4The Road to Fort Detrick R
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information, I decided to call the
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contamination) to help with manufac
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nation. There is but one logical co
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each part in terms of objectives -
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weapons, and all other methods of b
Page 62 and 63: two checks totaling $33,655.68 to t
Page 64 and 65: Not surprisingly then, among the pr
Page 66 and 67: and biological warfare. Indianapoli
Page 68 and 69: Chapter 5The Emperorʹs New Virus"Y
Page 70 and 71: At that time, retroviruses were see
Page 72 and 73: it up to here with this goddamn dis
Page 74 and 75: Collusion at the TopJim Goedert was
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Page 80 and 81: questions. Had Gallo been ashamed o
Page 82 and 83: Chapter 6Galloʹs Research Antholog
Page 84 and 85: - - - - -Fig 6.2 - A Model of the N
Page 86 and 87: That same year, Gallo and his cowor
Page 88 and 89: team discussed the synthesis of new
Page 90 and 91: STRINGNER S. YANGROBERT C. TINGBion
Page 92 and 93: and pellets seperated. The pellets
Page 94 and 95: [5] Gallo RC and Breitman TR. The e
Page 96 and 97: Chapter 7An Interview with Dr. Robe
Page 98 and 99: human viruses, and that the genetic
Page 100 and 101: LEN: Now, who was studying that?ROB
Page 102 and 103: father's recommendation that I coul
Page 104 and 105: LEN: OK. Explain this now. Why did
Page 106 and 107: the cancer virus. . . . Nixon was t
Page 108 and 109: LEN: OK.ROBERT: And. . . that's the
Page 110 and 111: ROBERT: If you look in the world, w
Page 114 and 115: started with BVV.ROBERT: Well, in t
Page 116 and 117: LEN: OK. So what happens then?ROBER
Page 118 and 119: apology Gorbachev offered Reagan ac
Page 120 and 121: slowly, and not fast. And that they
Page 122 and 123: immunodeficiency virus. Nature 1987
Page 124 and 125: GalloRC. Aminoacyl Transfer RNA Pro
Page 126 and 127: history, organization, and program
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