questions. Had Gallo been ashamed of creating the virus yearsearlier, so he tried to block its discovery, terrified it might betraced to BW research?I never did get any sleep that night.‐NOTES‐[1] Shilts R. And the Band Played On: Politics, People and theAIDS Epidemic. New York: Penguin Books, 1987.[2] Department of Defense Appropriations For 1970: HearingsBefore A Subcommittee of the Committee on AppropriationsHouse of Representatives, Ni<strong>net</strong>y-first Contress, First Session,H.B. 15090. Part 5, Research. Development. Test and Evaluation.Dept. of the Army. U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, D.C., 1969.[3] Shilts R. Op. cit., p. 269.[4] Shilts R. Ibid., p. 270-271.[5] Shilts R. Ibid., p. 151.[6] Shilts R. Ibid., p. 163.[7] Shilts R. Ibid., pp. 73-74.[8] Shilts R. Ibid., p. 186.[9] Shilts R. Ibid., p. 173.[10] Shilts R. Ibid., p. 201-202.[11] Shilts R. Ibid., p. 151.[12] Shilts R. Ibid., p. 350.[13] Shilts R. Ibid., pp. 366-367.[14] Walgate R. Hepatitis B vaccine: Pasteur Institute in AIDSfracas. Nature 1983;304:104.[15] Shilts R. Ibid., p. 264.[16] Shilts R. Ibid., p. 272.[17] Shilts R. Ibid., p. 354.[18] Shilts R. Ibid., p. 319[19] Shilts R. Ibid., p. 444.[20] Shilts R. Ibid., p. 451.[21] Shilts R. Ibid., p. 528-29.[22] Shilts R. Ibid., p. 452.[23] Gallo RC, Sarin PS, Allen PT, and Newton WA, et al.Reverse transcriptase in type C virus particles of human origin.Nature New Biology 1971;232:10-142.[24] Talal N and Gallo RC. Antibodies to a DNA:RNA Hybrid insystemic lupus erythematosus measured by a cellulose ester filterradioimmunoassay. Nature New Biology 1972;240:240-242.[25] Bobrow SN, Smith RG, Reitz MS and Gallo RC. Stimulatednormal human lymphocytes contain a ribonuclease-sensitiveDNA polymerase distinct from viral RNA-directed DNApolymerase. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 1972;69; 11 :3228-3232.[26] Gallo RC. Reverse transcriptase, the DNA polymerase ofoncogenic RNA viruses. Nature 1971;234:194-198.[27] Gallo RC and Whang-Peng JW. Enhanced transformation ofhuman immunocompetant cells by dibutyryl adenosine cyclic 3'5'
-monophosphate. J. National Cancer Institute 1971;47;1:91-94.[28] Gallo RC, Hecht SM, Whang-Peng J and O'Hopp S. N6_(2isopentenyl) adenosine: the regulatory effects of a cytokinin andmodified nucleoside from tRNA on human lymphocytes.Biochimica EtBiophysica Acta 1982;281 :488-500.[29] Herrera F, Adamson RH and Gallo RC. Uptake of transferribonucleic acid by normal and leukemic cells. Proc. Nat. Acad.Sci. 1970;67;4:1943-1950.[30 Among the human lymphocyte and RNA retrovirusreproductive stimulants Gallo and his co-workers studied were:phytohemagglutinin (a plant protein which makes red blood cellsstick together) - see Riddick DH and Gallo RC. The TransferRNA Methylases of Human Lymphocytes: Induction by PHA inNormal Lymphocytes. Blood 1971;37;3:282-292.;isopentenyladenosine (a plant hormone and component of yeastand mammalian tRNA}--see Gallo RC, Whang-Peng J and PerryS. Isopentenyladenosine Stimulates and Inhibits Mitosis inHuman Lymphocytes Treated with Phytohemagglutinin. Science;1969: 165:400-402; dibutyryl adenosine cyclic 3'5'-monophosphate (a chemical messenger and hormone stimulent incells}--see Gallo RC, Whang-Peng J. Enhanced Transformationof Human Immunocompetent Cells by Dibutyryl AdenosineCyclic 3',5'-Monophosphate. Journal of the National CancerInstitute. 1971;47;1:91-94; magnesium (an element and dietarycomponent) see Gallo RC, Sarin PS, Allen, PT, Newton WA,Priori ES, Bowen JM and Dmochowski L. Reverse Transcriptasein Type C Virus Particles of Human Origin. Nature New Biology1971;232;140-142; Epstein Barr virus (a virus strongly linked toBurkitt's-type lymphoma, cancer of the nasopharynx andinfectious mononucleosis) see Fujioka S and Gallo RC.Aminoacyl Transfer RNA Profiles in Human Myeloma Cells.Blood 1971; 38;2:246-252; manganese (a metalic element)-seeSmith RG and Gallo RC. DNA-Dependent DNA Polymerases Iand II from Normal Human-Blood Lymphocytes. Proceedings ofthe National Academy of Sciences 1972; 69; 1 0:2879-2884;adrenal corticosteroids and related steroid hormones includingdexamethasone, prednisolone,fludrocortisone, hydrocortisone,corticosterone, cortisone, testosterone, progesterone, and insulinseeParan M, Gallo RC, Richardson LS and Wu AM. AdrenalCorticosteroids Enhance Production of Type-C Virus Induced by5-Iodo-2'-Deoxyuridine from Cultured Mouse Fibroblasts.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences1973;70;8:2391-2395.
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inherent in the production of live
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natural barrier and has been shown
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mass of circumstantial and scientif
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investigators, for a grossly uninfo
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NIAID-National Institute for Allerg
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Part IIntroduction and Scientific B
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viruses in the cow carcasses used t
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depend to maintain our relative fre
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ʺThe WHO Does What?ʺ"The only thi
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the buildup of new susceptibles in
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In 1964, shortly after President Ke
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lymphotrophic (lymph-cell-targeting
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