4(%3)3 - Ecole nationale supÃ©rieure de chimie de Montpellier

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24 Moad, G., Rizzardo, E. & Thang, S. H. Radical addition-fragmentation chemistry in polymer synthesis.Polymer 49, doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2007.11.020 (2008).25 Moad, G. et al. Living free radical polymerization with reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(the life of RAFT). Polymer International 49, doi:10.1002/1097-0126(200009)49:93.0.co;2-6 (2000).26 Quinn, J. F., Chaplin, R. P. & Davis, T. P. Facile synthesis of comb, star, and graft polymers via reversibleaddition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Journal of Polymer Science Part a-PolymerChemistry 40, doi:10.1002/pola.10369 (2002).27 Stenzel-Rosenbaum, M., Davis, T. P., Chen, V. & Fane, A. G. Star-polymer synthesis via radical reversibleaddition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization. Journal of Polymer Science Part a-PolymerChemistry 39, doi:10.1002/pola.1256 (2001).28 Keddie, D. J., Moad, G., Rizzardo, E. & Thang, S. H. RAFT Agent Design and Synthesis. Macromolecules 45,doi:10.1021/ma300410v (2012).29 Benaglia, M., Rizzardo, E., Alberti, A. & Guerra, M. Searching for more effective agents and conditions forthe RAFT polymerization of MMA: Influence of dithioester substituents, solvent, and temperature.Macromolecules 38, doi:10.1021/ma0480650 (2005).30 Nishiyama, N. et al. Novel cisplatin-incorporated polymeric micelles can eradicate solid tumors in mice.Cancer Research 63 (2003).31 Zhang, L. F. & Eisenberg, A. Multiple morphologies of crew-cut aggregates of polystyrene-b-poly(acrylicacid) block-copolymers. Science 268, doi:10.1126/science.268.5218.1728 (1995).32 Bunz, U. H. F. Breath figures as a dynamic templating method for polymers and nanomaterials. AdvancedMaterials 18, doi:10.1002/adma.200501131 (2006).33 Jiang, Y., Xue, J., Zhu, X. Y. & Yan, D. Y. pH Stimulated Preparation of Polyrotaxane Based on ReversibleCovalent Bond in Solution. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities-Chinese 29, 2558-2562 (2008).34 Shang, S., Huang, S. J. & Weiss, R. A. Synthesis and characterization of itaconic anhydride and stearylmethacrylate copolymers. Polymer 50, doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2009.05.012 (2009).124
5. NANO-GEL BASED SELF-HEALING SYSTEMIn this chapter we have presented a new concept which is under research for the moment. Taking acue from the monomer laden microcapsule based self-healing approach 1 ; we have planned to replacethe monomer by a rapidly healing nano-gel will be encapsulated in a hydrophobic shell and dispersedinto the membrane. In an event of crack formation, the breakage of the microcapsule’s wall will lead thewater to contact the gel. This would cause a rapid expansion of the nano-gel however due to its inherentcrosslinked structure; it should be able to maintain its structural integrity. Furthermore, being higlyhydrophilic, the gel is expected to show good adhesive properties and thereby check the growth of thecrack.Figure – 5.1: Embedding of encapsulated nano-gel in the active layer of a membrane. Concept of self-healing byusing rapid swelling and adhesiveness of the nano-gel in a membrane.5.1 BACKGROUND STUDY125
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THESISPRESENTED ATNATIONAL GRADUATE
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As the human civilization progress
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CHAPTER - 1 SELF-HEALING POLYMERIC
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8.1.5 Atomic Force Microscopy …
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Synthetic engineering materials in
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esponse to a specific external stim
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The first work based on this approa
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een prepared from urea-formaldehyde
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monomer systems. The addition of EN
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Figure - 1.10: Self-healing process
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was required to reach healing effic
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In addition to above works, some ot
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that have been identified to be tak
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part of the chapter, these material
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Figure - 1.17: Self-healing of the
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commercialized under tradenames; Nu
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joined together at temperature high
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Inspired by these findings, the fir
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temperature greater than 80 o C in
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Figure - 1.27: Sulfur chemistry bas
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A different kind of sulfur chemistr
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Figure - 1.29: Dynamic covalent che
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cracks. The recovered droplets afte
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23 White, S. R. et al. Autonomic he
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65 Taber, D. F. & Frankowski, K. J.
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107 Kushner, A. M., Vossler, J. D.,
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148 Park, J. S., Kim, H. S. & Hahn,
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The value of subscripts “n”,
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The formation of spherical micelles
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the micelle assembly showed the pre
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gain onto the electrodes by buildin
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The resistance R can be further exp
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empty-tower velocity U only depends
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This apparent morphological switchi
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In a further qualitative analysis,
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noteworthy and though its feasibili
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Furthermore within this range, lowe
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Figure - 2.22: Scanning Electron Mi
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While the resistance measurements g
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In conclusion, a self-healing membr
Page 84 and 85: 23 Giacomelli, F. C., Riegel, I. C.
Page 86 and 87: micelles enabled the membrane to se
Page 88 and 89: The second class is represented by
Page 90 and 91: To avoid the probable clogging of t
Page 92 and 93: 181614SP2 - iNumber of Particles121
Page 94 and 95: 1000900800y = 3E+06xR² = 0,9911y =
Page 96 and 97: very high value of 1.5 g.l -1 . Thi
Page 98 and 99: Since the only change in the membra
Page 100 and 101: 100Retention (%)8060400,100,20,40,6
Page 102 and 103: Figure - 3.18: Scanning Electron Mi
Page 104 and 105: (Figure - 3.20). A cursory look at
Page 106 and 107: When compared to poly(styrene) NPs,
Page 108 and 109: Figure - 3.24: Scanning Electron Mi
Page 110 and 111: REFERENCES1 Metzler, R. & Klafter,
Page 112 and 113: 46 Bemporad, D., Luttmann, C. & Ess
Page 114 and 115: In this chapter, preparation of 3D
Page 116 and 117: obtain complex macromolecular archi
Page 118 and 119: The polymerization was conducted at
Page 120 and 121: proceeds, lesser monomer is availab
Page 122 and 123: mg/ml),the micelles’ hydrodynamic
Page 124 and 125: Figure - 4.15: The monolayer and mu
Page 126 and 127: monolayer of micelles and topmost l
Page 128 and 129: The presence of the dispersed micel
Page 130 and 131: Heating the multilayer micelle asse
Page 132 and 133: stable zipping of the micelles. Mul
Page 136 and 137: The concept of nano-gel based self-
Page 138 and 139: Figure - 5.4: Size distribution of
Page 140 and 141: In a typical process, the two compo
Page 142 and 143: Figure - 5.10: 1HNMR spectra obtain
Page 144 and 145: The 1 HNMR spectrum obtained for th
Page 146 and 147: REFERENCES1 White, S. R. et al. Aut
Page 148 and 149: healing ability shown by the membra
Page 150 and 151: 7. PERSPECTIVESBeing the first such
Page 153 and 154: 8. MATERIALS & METHODSThis chapter
Page 155 and 156: 8.1.3 PEG Filtration MeasurementsTh
Page 157 and 158: addition of TEOS due to formation o
Page 159 and 160: solution was ultrasonicated for 15
Page 161 and 162: Triethylamine (TEA) (Sigma-Aldrich
Page 163 and 164: To prepare the monolayer assembly o
Page 165 and 166: was added followed by addition of 0
Page 168 and 169: ELABORATION OF SELF-HEALING POLYMER
Page 170 and 171: ELABORATION DES MEMBRANES POLYMERES
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4(%3)3 - Ecole nationale supÃ©rieure de chimie de Montpellier

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