REFERENCES1 Blaiszik, B. J. et al. in Annual Review of Materials Research, Vol 40 Vol. 40 Annual Review of MaterialsResearch (eds D. R. Clarke, M. Ruhle, & F. Zok) 179-211 (Annual Reviews, 2010).2 Yang, Z., Hollar, J., He, X. & Shi, X. A self-healing cementitious composite using oil core/silica gel shellmicrocapsules. Cement & Concrete Composites 33, 506-512, doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.01.010(2011).3 Wiktor, V. & Jonkers, H. M. Quantification of crack-healing in novel bacteria-based self-healing concrete.Cement & Concrete Composites 33, 763-770, doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.03.012 (2011).4 Hager, M. D., Greil, P., Leyens, C., van <strong>de</strong>r Zwaag, S. & Schubert, U. S. Self-Healing Materials. AdvancedMaterials 22, 5424-5430, doi:10.1002/adma201003036 (2010).5 Van Tittelboom, K., De Belie, N., De Muynck, W. & Verstraete, W. Use of bacteria to repair cracks inconcrete. Cement and Concrete Research 40, 157-166, doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.08.025 (2010).6 Jefferson, A. et al. A new system for crack closure of cementitious materials using shrinkable polymers.Cement and Concrete Research 40, 795-801, doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.01.004 (2010).7 Yao, K., Tay, F. E. H. & Zhu, W. G. Self-mending of microcracks in barium titanate glass-ceramic thin filmswith high dielectric constant. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85, 496-498 (2002).8 Baker, A. A., Jones, R. & Callinan, R. J. damage tolerance of graphite epoxy composites. CompositeStructures 4, 15-44, doi:10.1016/0263-8223(85)90018-2 (1985).9 Wetzel, B., Rosso, P., Haupert, F. & Friedrich, K. Epoxy nanocomposites - fracture and tougheningmechanisms. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 73, 2375-2398, doi:10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.05.018(2006).10 Kinloch, A. J. Mechanics and mechanisms of fracture of thermosetting epoxy polymers. Advances inPolymer Science 72, 45-67 (1985).11 Ritchie, R. O. Mechanisms of fatigue-crack propagation in ductile and brittle solids. International Journal ofFracture 100, 55-83, doi:10.1023/a:1018655917051 (1999).12 Sauer, J. A. & Richardson, G. C. Fatigue of polymers. International Journal of Fracture 16, 499-532,doi:10.1007/bf02265215 (1980).13 Wu, D. Y., Meure, S. & Solomon, D. Self-healing polymeric materials: A review of recent <strong>de</strong>velopments.Progress in Polymer Science 33, 479-522, doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2008.02.001 (2008).14 Ritchie, R. O. Mechanisms of fatigue crack-propagation in metals, ceramics and composites - role of cracktip shielding. Materials Science and Engineering a-Structural Materials Properties Microstructure andProcessing 103, 15-28, doi:10.1016/0025-5416(88)90547-2 (1988).15 Burattini, S., Greenland, B. W., Chappell, D., Colquhoun, H. M. & Hayes, W. Healable polymeric materials: atutorial review. Chemical Society Reviews 39, 1973-1985, doi:10.1039/b904502n (2010).16 Wool, R. P. & Oconnor, K. M. A theory of crack healing in polymers. Journal of Applied Physics 52, 5953-5963, doi:10.1063/1.328526 (1981).17 An<strong>de</strong>rsson, C. et al. Preparation and Incorporation of Microcapsules in Functional Coatings for Self-healingof Packaging Board. Packaging Technology and Science 22, 275-291, doi:10.1002/pts.853 (2009).18 Bleay, S. M., Loa<strong>de</strong>r, C. B., Hawyes, V. J., Humberstone, L. & Curtis, P. T. A smart repair system for polymermatrix composites. Composites Part a-Applied Science and Manufacturing 32, 1767-1776,doi:10.1016/s1359-835x(01)00020-3 (2001).19 Dry, C. Passive tunable fibers and matrices. International Journal of Mo<strong>de</strong>rn Physics B 6, 2763-2771,doi:10.1142/s0217979292001419 (1992).20 Dry, C. & McMillan, W. Three-part methylmethacrylate adhesive system as an internal <strong>de</strong>livery system forsmart responsive concrete. Smart Materials & Structures 5, 297-300, doi:10.1088/0964-1726/5/3/007(1996).21 Dry, C. Procedures <strong>de</strong>veloped for self-repair of polymer matrix composite materials. Composite Structures35, 263-269, doi:10.1016/0263-8223(96)00033-5 (1996).22 Motuku, M., Vaidya, U. K. & Janowski, G. M. Parametric studies on self-repairing approaches for resininfused composites subjected to low velocity impact. Smart Materials & Structures 8, 623-638,doi:10.1088/0964-1726/8/5/313 (1999).39
23 White, S. R. et al. Autonomic healing of polymer composites. Nature 409, 794-797, doi:10.1038/35057232(2001).24 Blaiszik, B. J., Sottos, N. R. & White, S. R. Nanocapsules for self-healing materials. Composites Science andTechnology 68, 978-986, doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.07.021 (2008).25 Keller, M. W., White, S. R. & Sottos, N. R. A self-healing poly(dimethyl siloxane) elastomer. AdvancedFunctional Materials 17, 2399-2404, doi:10.1002/adfm.200700086 (2007).26 Yuan, L., Gu, A. J. & Liang, G. Z. Preparation and properties of poly(urea-formal<strong>de</strong>hy<strong>de</strong>) microcapsulesfilled with epoxy resins. Materials Chemistry and Physics 110, 417-425,doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.02.035 (2008).27 Brown, E. N., Kessler, M. R., Sottos, N. R. & White, S. R. In situ poly(urea-formal<strong>de</strong>hy<strong>de</strong>)microencapsulation of dicyclopentadiene. Journal of Microencapsulation 20, 719-730,doi:10.1080/0265204031000154160 (2003).28 Blaiszik, B. J. et al. Microcapsules filled with reactive solutions for self-healing materials. Polymer 50, 990-997, doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2008.12.040 (2009).29 Cosco, S., Ambrogi, V., Musto, P. & Carfagna, C. Properties of poly(urea-formaldhey<strong>de</strong>) microcapsulescontaining an epoxy resin. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 105, 1400-1411, doi:10.1002/app.26263(2007).30 Jin, H. H. et al. Self-healing thermoset using encapsulated epoxy-amine healing chemistry. Polymer 53,581-587, doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2011.12.005 (2012).31 Gragert, M., Schunack, M. & Bin<strong>de</strong>r, W. H. Azi<strong>de</strong>/Alkyne-"Click"-Reactions of Encapsulated Reagents:Toward Self-Healing Materials. Macromolecular Rapid Communications 32, 419-425,doi:10.1002/marc.201000687 (2011).32 Yuan, L., Liang, G. Z., Xie, J. Q., Li, L. & Guo, J. Preparation and characterization of poly(urea-formal<strong>de</strong>hy<strong>de</strong>)microcapsules filled with epoxy resins. Polymer 47, 5338-5349, doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2006.05.051 (2006).33 Yuan, Y. C., Rong, M. Z. & Zhang, M. Q. Preparation and characterization of poly (melamine-formal<strong>de</strong>hy<strong>de</strong>)walled microcapsules containing epoxy. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 472-480 (2008).34 Yuan, Y. C., Rong, M. Z. & Zhang, M. Q. Preparation and characterization of microencapsulated polythiol.Polymer 49, 2531-2541, doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2008.03.044 (2008).35 Yuan, Y. C. et al. Self-healing polymeric materials using epoxy/mercaptan as the healant. Macromolecules41, 5197-5202, doi:10.1021/ma800028d (2008).36 Wang, H. P., Yuan, Y. C., Rong, M. Z. & Zhang, M. Q. Melamine resin-walled microcapsules containingstyrene: Preparation and characterization. Part 1-2 (2008).37 Liu, X., Sheng, X., Lee, J. K. & Kessler, M. R. Synthesis and Characterization of Melamine-Urea-Formal<strong>de</strong>hy<strong>de</strong> Microcapsules Containing ENB-Based Self-Healing Agents. Macromolecular Materials andEngineering 294, 389-395, doi:10.1002/mame.200900015 (2009).38 Liu, X., Lee, J. K. & Kessler, M. R. Microencapsulation of self-healing agents with melamine-ureaformal<strong>de</strong>hy<strong>de</strong>by the Shirasu porous glass (SPG) emulsification technique. Macromolecular Research 19,1056-1061, doi:10.1007/s13233-011-1009-3 (2011).39 Cho, S. H., An<strong>de</strong>rsson, H. M., White, S. R., Sottos, N. R. & Braun, P. V. Polydimethylsiloxane-based selfhealingmaterials. Advanced Materials 18, 997-+, doi:10.1002/adma.200501814 (2006).40 Yang, J. L., Keller, M. W., Moore, J. S., White, S. R. & Sottos, N. R. Microencapsulation of Isocyanates forSelf-Healing Polymers. Macromolecules 41, 9650-9655, doi:10.1021/ma801718v (2008).41 Xiao, D. S., Yuan, Y. C., Rong, M. Z. & Zhang, M. Q. Hollow polymeric microcapsules: Preparation,characterization and application in holding boron trifluori<strong>de</strong> diethyl etherate. Polymer 50, 560-568,doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2008.11.022 (2009).42 Rule, J. D., Brown, E. N., Sottos, N. R., White, S. R. & Moore, J. S. Wax-protected catalyst microspheres forefficient self-healing materials. Advanced Materials 17, 205-+, doi:10.1002/adma.200400607 (2005).43 Asua, J. M. Miniemulsion polymerization. Progress in Polymer Science 27, 1283-1346, doi:10.1016/s0079-6700(02)00010-2 (2002).44 Brown, E. N., Sottos, N. R. & White, S. R. Fracture testing of a self-healing polymer composite.Experimental Mechanics 42, 372-379, doi:10.1177/001448502321548193 (2002).45 Keller, M. W. & Sottos, N. R. Mechanical properties of microcapsules used in a self-healing polymer.Experimental Mechanics 46, 725-733, doi:10.1007/s11340-006-9659-3 (2006).40
- Page 1: THESISPRESENTED ATNATIONAL GRADUATE
- Page 4 and 5: As the human civilization progress
- Page 6 and 7: CHAPTER - 1 SELF-HEALING POLYMERIC
- Page 8: 8.1.5 Atomic Force Microscopy …
- Page 11 and 12: Synthetic engineering materials in
- Page 13 and 14: esponse to a specific external stim
- Page 15 and 16: The first work based on this approa
- Page 17 and 18: een prepared from urea-formaldehyde
- Page 19 and 20: monomer systems. The addition of EN
- Page 21 and 22: Figure - 1.10: Self-healing process
- Page 23 and 24: was required to reach healing effic
- Page 25 and 26: In addition to above works, some ot
- Page 27 and 28: that have been identified to be tak
- Page 29 and 30: part of the chapter, these material
- Page 31 and 32: Figure - 1.17: Self-healing of the
- Page 33 and 34: commercialized under tradenames; Nu
- Page 35 and 36: joined together at temperature high
- Page 37 and 38: Inspired by these findings, the fir
- Page 39 and 40: temperature greater than 80 o C in
- Page 41 and 42: Figure - 1.27: Sulfur chemistry bas
- Page 43 and 44: A different kind of sulfur chemistr
- Page 45 and 46: Figure - 1.29: Dynamic covalent che
- Page 47: cracks. The recovered droplets afte
- Page 51 and 52: 65 Taber, D. F. & Frankowski, K. J.
- Page 53 and 54: 107 Kushner, A. M., Vossler, J. D.,
- Page 55: 148 Park, J. S., Kim, H. S. & Hahn,
- Page 58 and 59: The value of subscripts “n”,
- Page 60 and 61: The formation of spherical micelles
- Page 62 and 63: the micelle assembly showed the pre
- Page 64 and 65: gain onto the electrodes by buildin
- Page 66 and 67: The resistance R can be further exp
- Page 68 and 69: empty-tower velocity U only depends
- Page 70 and 71: This apparent morphological switchi
- Page 72 and 73: In a further qualitative analysis,
- Page 74 and 75: noteworthy and though its feasibili
- Page 76 and 77: Furthermore within this range, lowe
- Page 78 and 79: Figure - 2.22: Scanning Electron Mi
- Page 80 and 81: While the resistance measurements g
- Page 82 and 83: In conclusion, a self-healing membr
- Page 84 and 85: 23 Giacomelli, F. C., Riegel, I. C.
- Page 86 and 87: micelles enabled the membrane to se
- Page 88 and 89: The second class is represented by
- Page 90 and 91: To avoid the probable clogging of t
- Page 92 and 93: 181614SP2 - iNumber of Particles121
- Page 94 and 95: 1000900800y = 3E+06xR² = 0,9911y =
- Page 96 and 97: very high value of 1.5 g.l -1 . Thi
- Page 98 and 99:
Since the only change in the membra
- Page 100 and 101:
100Retention (%)8060400,100,20,40,6
- Page 102 and 103:
Figure - 3.18: Scanning Electron Mi
- Page 104 and 105:
(Figure - 3.20). A cursory look at
- Page 106 and 107:
When compared to poly(styrene) NPs,
- Page 108 and 109:
Figure - 3.24: Scanning Electron Mi
- Page 110 and 111:
REFERENCES1 Metzler, R. & Klafter,
- Page 112 and 113:
46 Bemporad, D., Luttmann, C. & Ess
- Page 114 and 115:
In this chapter, preparation of 3D
- Page 116 and 117:
obtain complex macromolecular archi
- Page 118 and 119:
The polymerization was conducted at
- Page 120 and 121:
proceeds, lesser monomer is availab
- Page 122 and 123:
mg/ml),the micelles’ hydrodynamic
- Page 124 and 125:
Figure - 4.15: The monolayer and mu
- Page 126 and 127:
monolayer of micelles and topmost l
- Page 128 and 129:
The presence of the dispersed micel
- Page 130 and 131:
Heating the multilayer micelle asse
- Page 132 and 133:
stable zipping of the micelles. Mul
- Page 134 and 135:
24 Moad, G., Rizzardo, E. & Thang,
- Page 136 and 137:
The concept of nano-gel based self-
- Page 138 and 139:
Figure - 5.4: Size distribution of
- Page 140 and 141:
In a typical process, the two compo
- Page 142 and 143:
Figure - 5.10: 1HNMR spectra obtain
- Page 144 and 145:
The 1 HNMR spectrum obtained for th
- Page 146 and 147:
REFERENCES1 White, S. R. et al. Aut
- Page 148 and 149:
healing ability shown by the membra
- Page 150 and 151:
7. PERSPECTIVESBeing the first such
- Page 153 and 154:
8. MATERIALS & METHODSThis chapter
- Page 155 and 156:
8.1.3 PEG Filtration MeasurementsTh
- Page 157 and 158:
addition of TEOS due to formation o
- Page 159 and 160:
solution was ultrasonicated for 15
- Page 161 and 162:
Triethylamine (TEA) (Sigma-Aldrich
- Page 163 and 164:
To prepare the monolayer assembly o
- Page 165 and 166:
was added followed by addition of 0
- Page 168 and 169:
ELABORATION OF SELF-HEALING POLYMER
- Page 170 and 171:
ELABORATION DES MEMBRANES POLYMERES