129 Chujo, Y., Sada, K. & Saegusa, T. A novel nonionic hydrogel from 2-methyl-2-oxazoline .4. Reversiblegelation of polyoxazoline by means of diels-al<strong>de</strong>r reaction. Macromolecules 23, 2636-2641,doi:10.1021/ma00212a007 (1990).130 Canary, S. A. & Stevens, M. P. Thermally reversible cross-linking of polystyrene via the furan-maleimi<strong>de</strong>diels-al<strong>de</strong>r reaction. Journal of Polymer Science Part a-Polymer Chemistry 30, 1755-1760,doi:10.1002/pola.1992.080300829 (1992).131 Chen, X. X. et al. A thermally re-mendable cross-linked polymeric material. Science 295, 1698-1702,doi:10.1126/science.1065879 (2002).132 Chen, X. X., Wudl, F., Mal, A. K., Shen, H. B. & Nutt, S. R. New thermally remendable highly cross-linkedpolymeric materials. Macromolecules 36, 1802-1807, doi:10.1021/ma0210675 (2003).133 Liu, Y. L. & Hsieh, C. Y. Crosslinked epoxy materials exhibiting thermal remendablility and removabilityfrom multifunctional maleimi<strong>de</strong> and furan compounds. Journal of Polymer Science Part a-PolymerChemistry 44, 905-913, doi:10.1002/pola.21184 (2006).134 Park, J. S. et al. Multiple healing effect of thermally activated self-healing composites based on Diels-Al<strong>de</strong>rreaction. Composites Science and Technology 70, 2154-2159, doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.08.017(2010).135 Tian, Q. A., Rong, M. Z., Zhang, M. Q. & Yuan, Y. C. Synthesis and characterization of epoxy with improvedthermal remendability based on Diels-Al<strong>de</strong>r reaction. Polymer International 59, 1339-1345,doi:10.1002/pi.2872 (2010).136 Watanabe, M. & Yoshie, N. Synthesis and properties of readily recyclable polymers from bisfuranicterminated poly(ethylene adipate) and multi-maleimi<strong>de</strong> linkers. Polymer 47, 4946-4952,doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2006.05.036 (2006).137 Polaske, N. W., McGrath, D. V. & McElhanon, J. R. Thermally Reversible Dendronized Step-Polymers Basedon Sequential Huisgen 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition and Diels-Al<strong>de</strong>r "Click" Reactions. Macromolecules 43,1270-1276, doi:10.1021/ma902180r (2010).138 Jiang, B. B., Hao, J. J., Wang, W. Y., Jiang, L. X. & Cai, X. X. Synthesis and properties of novelpolybismaleimi<strong>de</strong> oligomers. European Polymer Journal 37, 463-470 (2001).139 Ghezzo, F. et al. Development and Characterization of Healable Carbon Fiber Composites with a ReversiblyCross Linked Polymer. Journal of Composite Materials 44, 1587-1603, doi:10.1177/0021998310363165(2010).140 Peterson, A. M., Jensen, R. E. & Palmese, G. R. Room-Temperature Healing of a Thermosetting PolymerUsing the Diels-Al<strong>de</strong>r Reaction. Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces 2, 1141-1149, doi:10.1021/am9009378(2010).141 Ax, J. & Wenz, G. Thermoreversible Networks by Diels-Al<strong>de</strong>r Reaction of Cellulose Furoates WithBismaleimi<strong>de</strong>s. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 213, 182-186, doi:10.1002/macp.201100410(2012).142 Toncelli, C., De Reus, D. C., Picchioni, F. & Broekhuis, A. A. Properties of Reversible Diels-Al<strong>de</strong>rFuran/Maleimi<strong>de</strong> Polymer Networks as Function of Crosslink Density. Macromolecular Chemistry andPhysics 213, 157-165, doi:10.1002/macp.201100405 (2012).143 Kavitha, A. A. & Singha, N. K. Smart "All Acrylate" ABA Triblock Copolymer Bearing Reactive Functionalityvia Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP): Demonstration of a "Click Reaction" in ThermoreversibleProperty. Macromolecules 43, 3193-3205, doi:10.1021/ma902203r (2010).144 Kavitha, A. A. & Singha, N. K. "Click Chemistry" in Tailor-Ma<strong>de</strong> Polymethacrylates Bearing Reactive FurfurylFunctionality: A New Class of Self-Healing Polymeric Material. Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces 1, 1427-1436, doi:10.1021/am900124c (2009).145 Zhang, Y., Broekhuis, A. A. & Picchioni, F. Thermally Self-Healing Polymeric Materials: The Next Step toRecycling Thermoset Polymers? Macromolecules 42, 1906-1912, doi:10.1021/ma8027672 (2009).146 Murphy, E. B. et al. Synthesis and characterization of a single-component thermally remendable polymernetwork: Staudinger and Stille revisited. Macromolecules 41, 5203-5209, doi:10.1021/ma800432g (2008).147 Park, J. S. et al. Towards Development of a Self-Healing Composite using a Mendable Polymer andResistive Heating. Journal of Composite Materials 42, 2869-2881, doi:10.1177/0021998308097280 (2008).45
148 Park, J. S., Kim, H. S. & Hahn, H. T. Healing behavior of a matrix crack on a carbon fiber/mendomercomposite. Composites Science and Technology 69, 1082-1087, doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.01.031(2009).149 Syrett, J. A., Mantovani, G., Barton, W. R. S., Price, D. & Haddleton, D. M. Self-healing polymers preparedvia living radical polymerisation. Polymer Chemistry 1, 102-106, doi:10.1039/b9py00316a (2010).150 Inglis, A. J., Nebhani, L., Altintas, O., Schmidt, F. G. & Barner-Kowollik, C. Rapid Bonding/Debonding onDemand: Reversibly Cross-Linked Functional Polymers via Diels-Al<strong>de</strong>r Chemistry. Macromolecules 43,5515-5520, doi:10.1021/ma100945b (2010).151 Reutenauer, P., Buhler, E., Boul, P. J., Candau, S. J. & Lehn, J. M. Room Temperature Dynamic PolymersBased on Diels-Al<strong>de</strong>r Chemistry. Chemistry-a European Journal 15, 1893-1900,doi:10.1002/chem.200802145 (2009).152 Chujo, Y., Sada, K., Naka, A., Nomura, R. & Saegusa, T. Synthesis and redox gelation of disulfi<strong>de</strong>-modifiedpolyoxazoline. Macromolecules 26, 883-887, doi:10.1021/ma00057a001 (1993).153 Tsarevsky, N. V. & Matyjaszewski, K. Reversible redox cleavage/coupling of polystyrene with disulfi<strong>de</strong> orthiol groups prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization. Macromolecules 35, 9009-9014,doi:10.1021/ma021061f (2002).154 Kamada, J. et al. Redox Responsive Behavior of Thiol/Disulfi<strong>de</strong>-Functionalized Star Polymers Synthesizedvia Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 43, 4133-4139, doi:10.1021/ma100365n(2010).155 Scott, T. F., Schnei<strong>de</strong>r, A. D., Cook, W. D. & Bowman, C. N. Photoinduced plasticity in cross-linkedpolymers. Science 308, 1615-1617, doi:10.1126/science.1110505 (2005).156 Nicolay, R., Kamada, J., Van Wassen, A. & Matyjaszewski, K. Responsive Gels Based on a Dynamic CovalentTrithiocarbonate Cross-Linker. Macromolecules 43, 4355-4361, doi:10.1021/ma100378r (2010).157 Amamoto, Y., Kamada, J., Otsuka, H., Takahara, A. & Matyjaszewski, K. Polymers through Reshuffling ofTrithiocarbonate Units. Angewandte Chemie-International Edition 50, 1660-1663,doi:10.1002/anie.201003888 (2011).158 Amamoto, Y., Otsuka, H., Takahara, A. & Matyjaszewski, K. Changes in Network Structure of Chemical GelsControlled by Solvent Quality through Photoinduced Radical Reshuffling Reactions of TrithiocarbonateUnits. Acs Macro Letters 1, 478-481, doi:10.1021/mz300070t (2012).159 Davis, D. A. et al. Force-induced activation of covalent bonds in mechanoresponsive polymeric materials.Nature 459, 68-72, doi:10.1038/nature07970 (2009).160 Piermattei, A., Karthikeyan, S. & Sijbesma, R. P. Activating catalysts with mechanical force. NatureChemistry 1, 133-137, doi:10.1038/nchem.167 (2009).161 Imato, K. et al. Self-Healing of Chemical Gels Cross-Linked by Diarylbibenzofuranone-Based Trigger-FreeDynamic Covalent Bonds at Room Temperature. Angewandte Chemie-International Edition 51, 1138-1142,doi:10.1002/anie.201104069 (2012).162 Verberg, R., Dale, A. T., Kumar, P., Alexeev, A. & Balazs, A. C. Healing substrates with mobile, particle-filledmicrocapsules: <strong>de</strong>signing a 'repair and go' system. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 4, 349-357,doi:10.1098/rsif.2006.0165 (2007).163 Kolmakov, G. V. et al. Using Nanoparticle-Filled Microcapsules for Site-Specific Healing of DamagedSubstrates: Creating a "Repair-and-Go" System. Acs Nano 4, 1115-1123, doi:10.1021/nn901296y (2010).164 Kratz, K. et al. Probing and repairing damaged surfaces with nanoparticle-containing microcapsules.Nature Nanotechnology 7, 87-90, doi:10.1038/nnano.2011.235 (2012).46
- Page 1:
THESISPRESENTED ATNATIONAL GRADUATE
- Page 4 and 5: As the human civilization progress
- Page 6 and 7: CHAPTER - 1 SELF-HEALING POLYMERIC
- Page 8: 8.1.5 Atomic Force Microscopy …
- Page 11 and 12: Synthetic engineering materials in
- Page 13 and 14: esponse to a specific external stim
- Page 15 and 16: The first work based on this approa
- Page 17 and 18: een prepared from urea-formaldehyde
- Page 19 and 20: monomer systems. The addition of EN
- Page 21 and 22: Figure - 1.10: Self-healing process
- Page 23 and 24: was required to reach healing effic
- Page 25 and 26: In addition to above works, some ot
- Page 27 and 28: that have been identified to be tak
- Page 29 and 30: part of the chapter, these material
- Page 31 and 32: Figure - 1.17: Self-healing of the
- Page 33 and 34: commercialized under tradenames; Nu
- Page 35 and 36: joined together at temperature high
- Page 37 and 38: Inspired by these findings, the fir
- Page 39 and 40: temperature greater than 80 o C in
- Page 41 and 42: Figure - 1.27: Sulfur chemistry bas
- Page 43 and 44: A different kind of sulfur chemistr
- Page 45 and 46: Figure - 1.29: Dynamic covalent che
- Page 47 and 48: cracks. The recovered droplets afte
- Page 49 and 50: 23 White, S. R. et al. Autonomic he
- Page 51 and 52: 65 Taber, D. F. & Frankowski, K. J.
- Page 53: 107 Kushner, A. M., Vossler, J. D.,
- Page 58 and 59: The value of subscripts “n”,
- Page 60 and 61: The formation of spherical micelles
- Page 62 and 63: the micelle assembly showed the pre
- Page 64 and 65: gain onto the electrodes by buildin
- Page 66 and 67: The resistance R can be further exp
- Page 68 and 69: empty-tower velocity U only depends
- Page 70 and 71: This apparent morphological switchi
- Page 72 and 73: In a further qualitative analysis,
- Page 74 and 75: noteworthy and though its feasibili
- Page 76 and 77: Furthermore within this range, lowe
- Page 78 and 79: Figure - 2.22: Scanning Electron Mi
- Page 80 and 81: While the resistance measurements g
- Page 82 and 83: In conclusion, a self-healing membr
- Page 84 and 85: 23 Giacomelli, F. C., Riegel, I. C.
- Page 86 and 87: micelles enabled the membrane to se
- Page 88 and 89: The second class is represented by
- Page 90 and 91: To avoid the probable clogging of t
- Page 92 and 93: 181614SP2 - iNumber of Particles121
- Page 94 and 95: 1000900800y = 3E+06xR² = 0,9911y =
- Page 96 and 97: very high value of 1.5 g.l -1 . Thi
- Page 98 and 99: Since the only change in the membra
- Page 100 and 101: 100Retention (%)8060400,100,20,40,6
- Page 102 and 103: Figure - 3.18: Scanning Electron Mi
- Page 104 and 105:
(Figure - 3.20). A cursory look at
- Page 106 and 107:
When compared to poly(styrene) NPs,
- Page 108 and 109:
Figure - 3.24: Scanning Electron Mi
- Page 110 and 111:
REFERENCES1 Metzler, R. & Klafter,
- Page 112 and 113:
46 Bemporad, D., Luttmann, C. & Ess
- Page 114 and 115:
In this chapter, preparation of 3D
- Page 116 and 117:
obtain complex macromolecular archi
- Page 118 and 119:
The polymerization was conducted at
- Page 120 and 121:
proceeds, lesser monomer is availab
- Page 122 and 123:
mg/ml),the micelles’ hydrodynamic
- Page 124 and 125:
Figure - 4.15: The monolayer and mu
- Page 126 and 127:
monolayer of micelles and topmost l
- Page 128 and 129:
The presence of the dispersed micel
- Page 130 and 131:
Heating the multilayer micelle asse
- Page 132 and 133:
stable zipping of the micelles. Mul
- Page 134 and 135:
24 Moad, G., Rizzardo, E. & Thang,
- Page 136 and 137:
The concept of nano-gel based self-
- Page 138 and 139:
Figure - 5.4: Size distribution of
- Page 140 and 141:
In a typical process, the two compo
- Page 142 and 143:
Figure - 5.10: 1HNMR spectra obtain
- Page 144 and 145:
The 1 HNMR spectrum obtained for th
- Page 146 and 147:
REFERENCES1 White, S. R. et al. Aut
- Page 148 and 149:
healing ability shown by the membra
- Page 150 and 151:
7. PERSPECTIVESBeing the first such
- Page 153 and 154:
8. MATERIALS & METHODSThis chapter
- Page 155 and 156:
8.1.3 PEG Filtration MeasurementsTh
- Page 157 and 158:
addition of TEOS due to formation o
- Page 159 and 160:
solution was ultrasonicated for 15
- Page 161 and 162:
Triethylamine (TEA) (Sigma-Aldrich
- Page 163 and 164:
To prepare the monolayer assembly o
- Page 165 and 166:
was added followed by addition of 0
- Page 168 and 169:
ELABORATION OF SELF-HEALING POLYMER
- Page 170 and 171:
ELABORATION DES MEMBRANES POLYMERES