4(%3)3 - Ecole nationale supÃ©rieure de chimie de Montpellier

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Figure – 2.22: Scanning Electron Microscopy images obtained for a) backside view of the perforation, b) a partiallyhealed membrane at 0.07 bar, c) a completely healed membrane with scar formation, d) unhealed membrane withperforation intact.Figure – 2.23: False color 3-dimensional SEM images obtained for a) perforation, b) healed membrane with scar68
To examine the topography of the perforation and completely healed membranes, 3D false colorimages were constructed by joining SEM images obtained from three different perspective angles(90 o /80 o /70 o ) (Figure – 2.23a, b). As these images reveal, the perforation in the membrane causes ansurface plane. The healed membrane at 0.8 bar showed a scar above the surface plane due to therandom overlapping and joining of the perforation fragments.In order to verify the healing response with response to a catastrophic damage, a 2 mm cut wasmade into the membrane and was kept under water flux at 0.4 bar. Due to such a large damage, it wasimpractical to measure the flux since the amount of water permeated was huge. After 48 hours ofcontinuous, although the amount of water decreased but it still remained substantial in amount. Whenexamined using SEM, the cut was found to be closed at some points which explains the decreased waterflow (Figure – 2.24a,b,c,d). Hence it can be inferred that the parameters like healing rate, effectivehealing pressure, healing time are influenced by the extent of damage to the membrane.Figure – 2.24: Scanning Electron Microscopy images of a) Partially healed 2 mm cut, b-d) areas showing closure ofthe cut at 0.4 bar69
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THESISPRESENTED ATNATIONAL GRADUATE
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As the human civilization progress
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CHAPTER - 1 SELF-HEALING POLYMERIC
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8.1.5 Atomic Force Microscopy …
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Synthetic engineering materials in
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esponse to a specific external stim
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The first work based on this approa
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een prepared from urea-formaldehyde
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monomer systems. The addition of EN
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Figure - 1.10: Self-healing process
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was required to reach healing effic
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In addition to above works, some ot
Page 27 and 28: that have been identified to be tak
Page 29 and 30: part of the chapter, these material
Page 31 and 32: Figure - 1.17: Self-healing of the
Page 33 and 34: commercialized under tradenames; Nu
Page 35 and 36: joined together at temperature high
Page 37 and 38: Inspired by these findings, the fir
Page 39 and 40: temperature greater than 80 o C in
Page 41 and 42: Figure - 1.27: Sulfur chemistry bas
Page 43 and 44: A different kind of sulfur chemistr
Page 45 and 46: Figure - 1.29: Dynamic covalent che
Page 47 and 48: cracks. The recovered droplets afte
Page 49 and 50: 23 White, S. R. et al. Autonomic he
Page 51 and 52: 65 Taber, D. F. & Frankowski, K. J.
Page 53 and 54: 107 Kushner, A. M., Vossler, J. D.,
Page 55: 148 Park, J. S., Kim, H. S. & Hahn,
Page 58 and 59: The value of subscripts “n”,
Page 60 and 61: The formation of spherical micelles
Page 62 and 63: the micelle assembly showed the pre
Page 64 and 65: gain onto the electrodes by buildin
Page 66 and 67: The resistance R can be further exp
Page 68 and 69: empty-tower velocity U only depends
Page 70 and 71: This apparent morphological switchi
Page 72 and 73: In a further qualitative analysis,
Page 74 and 75: noteworthy and though its feasibili
Page 76 and 77: Furthermore within this range, lowe
Page 80 and 81: While the resistance measurements g
Page 82 and 83: In conclusion, a self-healing membr
Page 84 and 85: 23 Giacomelli, F. C., Riegel, I. C.
Page 86 and 87: micelles enabled the membrane to se
Page 88 and 89: The second class is represented by
Page 90 and 91: To avoid the probable clogging of t
Page 92 and 93: 181614SP2 - iNumber of Particles121
Page 94 and 95: 1000900800y = 3E+06xR² = 0,9911y =
Page 96 and 97: very high value of 1.5 g.l -1 . Thi
Page 98 and 99: Since the only change in the membra
Page 100 and 101: 100Retention (%)8060400,100,20,40,6
Page 102 and 103: Figure - 3.18: Scanning Electron Mi
Page 104 and 105: (Figure - 3.20). A cursory look at
Page 106 and 107: When compared to poly(styrene) NPs,
Page 108 and 109: Figure - 3.24: Scanning Electron Mi
Page 110 and 111: REFERENCES1 Metzler, R. & Klafter,
Page 112 and 113: 46 Bemporad, D., Luttmann, C. & Ess
Page 114 and 115: In this chapter, preparation of 3D
Page 116 and 117: obtain complex macromolecular archi
Page 118 and 119: The polymerization was conducted at
Page 120 and 121: proceeds, lesser monomer is availab
Page 122 and 123: mg/ml),the micelles’ hydrodynamic
Page 124 and 125: Figure - 4.15: The monolayer and mu
Page 126 and 127: monolayer of micelles and topmost l
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The presence of the dispersed micel
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Heating the multilayer micelle asse
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stable zipping of the micelles. Mul
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24 Moad, G., Rizzardo, E. & Thang,
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The concept of nano-gel based self-
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Figure - 5.4: Size distribution of
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In a typical process, the two compo
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Figure - 5.10: 1HNMR spectra obtain
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The 1 HNMR spectrum obtained for th
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REFERENCES1 White, S. R. et al. Aut
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healing ability shown by the membra
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7. PERSPECTIVESBeing the first such
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8. MATERIALS & METHODSThis chapter
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8.1.3 PEG Filtration MeasurementsTh
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addition of TEOS due to formation o
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solution was ultrasonicated for 15
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Triethylamine (TEA) (Sigma-Aldrich
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To prepare the monolayer assembly o
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was added followed by addition of 0
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ELABORATION OF SELF-HEALING POLYMER
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ELABORATION DES MEMBRANES POLYMERES
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4(%3)3 - Ecole nationale supÃ©rieure de chimie de Montpellier

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