Economic Impacts of Parks, Rivers, Trails and Greenways

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EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENSESTotal $30,252,049,000 $631Wildlife-watching equipment,$7,353,977,000 $161totalBinoculars, spotting scopes $507,387,000 $108Cameras, video cameras,$1,656,755,000 $372special lenses, and otherphotographic equipmentFilm and developing $910,423,000 $67Bird food, total $2,604,692,000 $68Feed for other wildlife $503,006,000 $52Nest boxes, bird houses,$732,671,000 $46feeders, bathsDay packs, carrying cases, and$323,043,000 $110special clothingOther wildlife-watching$116,000,000 $31equipment (such as fieldguides and maps)Auxiliary Equipment, total $716,900,000 $188Tents, tarps $185,552,000 $95Frame packs and backpacking$129,382,000 $119equipmentOther camping equipment $266,382,000 $136Other auxiliary equipment$135,583,000 $441(such as blinds)Special Equipment, total $15,468,716,000 $10,971Off-the-road vehicles $6,677,688,000 $12,300Travel or tent trailer, pickup,$6,272,294,000 $15,196camper, van, motor home,house trailer, recreationalvehicle (RV)Boats, boat accessories $996,463,000 $2,150Magazines, books $331,955,000 $40Land leasing and ownership $4,761,010,000 $8,585Membership dues and$920,183,000 $119contributionsPlantings $699,309,000 $124Recreational fishing is the most popular outdoor leisure time activity in the U.S. accordingto a 2001 Harris poll. Overall, sportfishing is estimated to generate $116 billion worth ofbenefits to local, state and national economies. This is based on forty-five millionAmericans spending over $42 billion on fishing tackle, trips and related services in 2001with each angler averaging $1,046 in expenditures on fishing. Furthermore, over onemillion jobs are related to sportfishing, accounting for more than $30 billion in wages(ASA, 2002). Benefits by type of fishing are shown below.39
Table 15. Fishing BenefitsTotal Freshwater SaltwaterAnglers 34.1 million 28.4 million 9.1 millionExpenditures $41.5 billion $29.5 billion $11.3 billionEconomic Output $116.1 billion $74.8 billion $31.1 billionJobs 1,068,046 683,892 296,898Wages & Salaries $30.1 billion $19.4 billion $8.1 billionTaxes $7.3 billion $4.8 billion $2.0 billion*Anglers aged 16 years and over. Approximately 10.3 million children aged 6 to 15 also fish, but are notincluded in the spending analysis.**Some expenditures were not classified by respondents as freshwater or saltwater. As a result, individualcategories may not add to the total.Statistics also show how fishing has a significant impact on a regional basis. In 2001, 1.4million Ohio anglers spent $944.6 million in fishing related expenditures (US FWS, 2001).3.3.5 BoatingRecreational boating is one of the nation’s most popular outdoor activities and includesrafting, rowing, kayaking, canoeing, motorboating, and jetskiing. It can take place on rivers,lakes and reservoirs, and along the nation’s ocean coastline. On a national scale, boating’simpacts are significant and continue to grow. Over 72 million Americans participated in recreational boating in 2003 and 5.5million went waterskiing. An estimated 840,800 new boats were sold for a totalretail value of $10.6 billion, with an average retail price of $12,611. Another $2.5billion was spent on new outboard motors (NNMA, 2003) The number of recreational watercraft owned in the U.S. is over 17 million,representing a 10% increase since 1988 (Ohio DNR, 2003). There were 86,700 canoes and 324,000 kayaks sold in 2003 at an average unit costof $573 and $466, respectively. The total retail value of these two segments alonewas $200 million (NMMA, 2003). Over $30 billion is estimated to be spent nationwide on the purchase of new andused boats, motors, engines, trailers, accessories and other marine relatedexpenditures. This is nearly triples the $11.2 billion that was spent in 1993 (OhioDNR, 2003). There are 1,782 federally-operated reservoirs/lakes that support 900 millionrecreational visits per year, representing an economic value of $44 billion annually(NRLSC, 1999). Between 1987 and 2003, participation in kayaking rose by 80% (SGMA, 2004).Table 16. Retail Boating Market: 2003CanoesKayaksTotal Units Sold 86,700 324,000Retail Value $49,644,420 $151,048,800Average Unit Cost $573 $46640
Page 1: ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF PARKS, RIVERS,
Page 4 and 5: AcknowledgementsI am grateful to ma
Page 6 and 7: 3.5.5 Sources of Information.......
Page 8 and 9: Table 28. Hiking/Walking Organizati
Page 10 and 11: 1 IntroductionParks, rivers, trails
Page 12 and 13: Table 1.SectionAgency ExpendituresC
Page 14 and 15: provide communities with economic,
Page 16 and 17: the most current information on the
Page 18 and 19: 3.1 Agency ExpendituresThis section
Page 20 and 21: grants. About 25% of capital expend
Page 22 and 23: The Marin Conservation Corps (MCC)
Page 24 and 25: already been implemented and is ope
Page 26 and 27: Table 5.Net Benefit Per Participant
Page 28 and 29: WEST VIRGINIAWISCONSINEarthCorpsFed
Page 30 and 31: contracts that gross over $800 mill
Page 32 and 33: 3.2.2 Special EventsRevenue enhanci
Page 34 and 35: park experience to an audience who
Page 36 and 37: you have the opportunity to determi
Page 38 and 39: Use good survey methods. The better
Page 40 and 41: California. A Report to The Sierra
Page 42 and 43: powered activities 3 , a participan
Page 44 and 45: Table 11. 2003 Sport Footwear Purch
Page 46 and 47: 3.3.4 Fish and Wildlife-Related Rec
Page 50 and 51: Table 17. Estimates of Retail Expen
Page 52 and 53: Table 19. U.S. Ski & Snowboard Indu
Page 54 and 55: and from services related to the Pa
Page 56 and 57: o $60 million in Harris County, TX,
Page 58 and 59: League ofAmericanBicyclistsNational
Page 60 and 61: SportingGoodsManufacturersAssociati
Page 62 and 63: necessarily better, especially in s
Page 64 and 65: Perspective. Available at http://ww
Page 66 and 67: o Washington: $209 milliono West Vi
Page 68 and 69: Economic Output Retail Sales Salari
Page 70 and 71: Economic Output Retail Sales Salari
Page 72 and 73: Table 35. Economic Impact of Sportf
Page 74 and 75: All Anglers Non-Resident/Tourist An
Page 76 and 77: Table 37. Per Capita Travel Receipt
Page 78 and 79: their decision to return in the fut
Page 80 and 81: Table 39. Visitors and Spending in
Page 82 and 83: 2003). Data from California Departm
Page 84 and 85: over 2003, despite high gas prices,
Page 86 and 87: management changes or actions are e
Page 88 and 89: accommodations used, and other trip
Page 90 and 91: http://www.ncdot.org/transit/bicycl
Page 92 and 93: 3.5 Estimating the Effects of Spend
Page 94 and 95: “leakage” of money from the reg
Page 96 and 97: Keep in mind that multipliers are s
Page 98 and 99:
3.5.4 How to Use These Rationales i
Page 100 and 101:
economy, only those expenditures th
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For example, be aware of the differ
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3.6 Health Care and FitnessThis sec
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active, approximately $575 million
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already had one heart attacko Impro
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uilt as part of sound policy to pro
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accounting for 14 million disabilit
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park amenities available or do not
Page 116 and 117:
National Coalitionfor PromotingPhys
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100% of all health benefits to a si
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Pratt M, Macera CA, Wang G. 2000. H
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costs than normal weight; moderate
Page 124 and 125:
References for Additional Informati
Page 126 and 127:
3.7 Benefit EstimationParks, rivers
Page 128 and 129:
Table 47.Forecasted Average Benefit
Page 130 and 131:
Table 48.CriteriaRecreationExperien
Page 132 and 133:
people using carefully designed and
Page 134 and 135:
special government funds for causes
Page 136 and 137:
Loomis, J. B., and White, D.S. 1996
Page 138 and 139:
Economic Assessment for the Necedah
Page 140 and 141:
Commercial UsesExpenditures byResid
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Outcomes Expenditures by GGNRA mana
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local transportation admissions and
Page 146 and 147:
3.8.8 Educational ValueWhile it may
Page 148 and 149:
the same municipality that are furt
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that do require storm water managem
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Summary of ActionsSimilar to corpor
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3.9 Resource Book AppendicesSeveral
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6. Spending in the area. Please rep
Page 158 and 159:
local economy aren’t bringing in
Page 160 and 161:
4 ConclusionIn 1995, the National P
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Economic Impacts of Parks, Rivers, Trails and Greenways

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