SportingGoodsManufacturersAssociationhttp://www.sgma.comthe industry.This association <strong>of</strong> the sportsproduct industry publishesgeneral reports on sportparticipation as well as marketsegmentation <strong>and</strong> manufacturers’shipments in wholesale dollarsfor the industry.National Survey <strong>of</strong> Fishing, Hunting, <strong>and</strong> Wildlife-Associated Recreation (FHWAR).This survey on fishing, hunting, <strong>and</strong> other wildlife-associated recreation, such as wildlifeobservation, photography, <strong>and</strong> feeding was last conducted in 2001 by the Census Bureaufor the Fish <strong>and</strong> Wildlife Service, Department <strong>of</strong> the Interior. Data include state in whichthese activities occurred; number <strong>of</strong> trips taken; duration <strong>of</strong> trips; <strong>and</strong> expenditures for food,lodging, transportation, <strong>and</strong> equipment. For more details, seehttp://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/fishing.html.National Survey on Recreation <strong>and</strong> the Environment (NSRE). Begun in 1960, NationalRecreation Survey (NRS) series began as a four-season, in-the-home survey <strong>of</strong> outdoorrecreation participation in the United States. Since then, five additional surveys have beenconducted: 1965, 1970, 1972, 1977, <strong>and</strong> 1982-83, <strong>and</strong> one NSRE in 1994-95. The NationalSurvey on Recreation <strong>and</strong> the Environment (NSRE) represents the continuation <strong>of</strong> theongoing National Recreation Survey (NRS) series. Results from household interviewsaround the nation as well as expected trends in numerous recreation activities are covered.The latest NSRE is a telephone survey <strong>and</strong> has already begun. For more details about thisUSDA Forest Service effort, see http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/trends/Nsre/nsre2.html.Academic Resources. Many universities have departments focusing on recreationeconomics. They may have already done studies in the region that can be used as reference,or may be interested in providing faculty guidance or graduate student assistance for newstudies. One particularly useful site is Michigan State’s Department <strong>of</strong> Park, Recreation<strong>and</strong> Tourism Resources which maintains a website on “<strong>Economic</strong> <strong>Impacts</strong> <strong>of</strong> Recreation<strong>and</strong> Tourism” at http://www.msu.edu/course/prr/840/econimpact/.Table 31. Academic Institutions with Expertise in Recreation <strong>Economic</strong>sClemson University;Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Parks</strong>,Recreation <strong>and</strong> TourismManagementwww.hehd.clemson.edu/PRTM/The Recreation, Travel <strong>and</strong>Tourism Institute providesa recreation <strong>and</strong> tourismresearch information baseto assist management orevaluation <strong>and</strong> to supportcommunity <strong>and</strong> economicdevelopment whileenhancing environmentalimprovement.51
Colorado State University;Department <strong>of</strong> Agricultural<strong>and</strong> Resource <strong>Economic</strong>s,College <strong>of</strong> AgriculturalScienceMichigan State University;Department <strong>of</strong> Community,Agriculture, Recreation <strong>and</strong>Resource StudiesNorth Carolina StateUniversity; <strong>Parks</strong>, Recreation<strong>and</strong> Tourism ManagementUniversity <strong>of</strong> Florida;Department <strong>of</strong> Tourism,Recreation <strong>and</strong> SportManagementUniversity <strong>of</strong> Utah;Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Parks</strong>,Recreation, <strong>and</strong> Tourismhttp://dare.agsci.colostate.edu/csuagecon/department/welcome.htmhttp://www.prr.msu.edu/<strong>and</strong>http://www.msu.edu/course/prr/840/econimpact/http://naturalresources.ncsu.edu/prtm/http://www2.hhp.ufl.edu/rpt/http://www.health.utah.edu/prt/Faculty has particularexperience in experience inEnvironmental <strong>and</strong>Recreation <strong>Economic</strong>s.Website <strong>of</strong>fers access tosome research <strong>and</strong> outreachreports.Includes Park, Recreation<strong>and</strong> Tourism Resourceswhich has a research focuson <strong>Economic</strong> <strong>Impacts</strong> <strong>of</strong>Recreation <strong>and</strong> Tourism.Specializes in the planning<strong>and</strong> management <strong>of</strong> parks,recreation <strong>and</strong> sport areas<strong>and</strong> facilities, tourismattractions <strong>and</strong> leisureactivities.The Department houses theCenter for TourismResearch <strong>and</strong>Development, serving thetourism industry throughprogramming <strong>and</strong> researchprojects.Shares knowledge aboutpark, recreation, <strong>and</strong>tourism resources to servesocial needs, inform policy,promote economicdevelopment, <strong>and</strong> fosterquality <strong>of</strong> life <strong>of</strong>communities.Media. Recreation is covered by the news almost daily. Look for feature articles <strong>and</strong>relevant information. Review newspapers, periodicals, <strong>and</strong> newsletters for informationrelevant to trends, activities, <strong>and</strong> expenditures that could be useful in building your case.Keep a file <strong>of</strong> related clippings.3.3.11 Considerations When Using These RationalesRealize the policy implications <strong>of</strong> your data. This information can be helpful in settingeconomic development policy. Knowledge <strong>of</strong> who spends the most, where these people arefrom, <strong>and</strong> what services they desire, can assist in providing direction for development orchanges aimed at increasing the economic benefits to an area. Bear in mind that more is not52
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ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF PARKS, RIVERS,
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AcknowledgementsI am grateful to ma
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3.5.5 Sources of Information.......
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Table 28. Hiking/Walking Organizati
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uilt as part of sound policy to pro
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accounting for 14 million disabilit
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park amenities available or do not
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National Coalitionfor PromotingPhys
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100% of all health benefits to a si
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Pratt M, Macera CA, Wang G. 2000. H
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costs than normal weight; moderate
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References for Additional Informati
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3.7 Benefit EstimationParks, rivers
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Table 47.Forecasted Average Benefit
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Table 48.CriteriaRecreationExperien
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people using carefully designed and
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special government funds for causes
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Loomis, J. B., and White, D.S. 1996
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Economic Assessment for the Necedah
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Commercial UsesExpenditures byResid
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Outcomes Expenditures by GGNRA mana
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local transportation admissions and
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3.8.8 Educational ValueWhile it may
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the same municipality that are furt
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that do require storm water managem
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Summary of ActionsSimilar to corpor
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3.9 Resource Book AppendicesSeveral
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6. Spending in the area. Please rep
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local economy aren’t bringing in
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4 ConclusionIn 1995, the National P