Economic Impacts of Parks, Rivers, Trails and Greenways

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http://www.ncdot.org/transit/bicycle/safety/safety_economicimpact.htmlOhio Division of Travel and Tourism, 2001. Fact Sheet. Available atwww.ohiotourism.comOhio Greenways. 1999. Little Miami Scenic Trail, Economic Study.Power, Thomas Michael. February 2002. The Economic Implications of Protecting theNatural Landscapes of the Southern Selkirk Region in the US and Canada. A reportprepared for The Lands Council. Available at www.umt.edu/econ/papers.htmRails-to-Trails Conservancy. 1997. ISTEA and Trails: Enhancement Fundingfor Bicycling and Walking. A pamphlet. More information on the Pinellas Trail, Florida isavailable at http://www.railtrails.org/find/totm/archives/02-01.aspRecreational Vehicle Industry Association (RVIA). 2004. News Release: RV travelers will spring into summer with more mini-vacations,survey shows. April 12, 2004. Available athttp://www.rvia.org/Media/newsreleases/breakingnews/p0429.htm News Release: 2004 RV shipment to set quarter-century record. June 8, 2004.Available at http://www.rvia.org/Media/newsreleases/breakingnews/p0424.htm News Release: Active Older American Embracing RV Travel. Available athttp://www.rvia.org/Media/newsreleases/background/p0226.htm RV Business Indicators. June 7, 2004.Regnier, C. 1989. Minnesota Off-Road Bike Trail Use: 1980-1988. St. Paul, MN:Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Trails and Waterways Unit.Unpublished paper.Richardson, Robert B. April 2002. The Economic Benefits of Wildlands in the EasternSierra Nevada Region of California. Prepared for The Wilderness Society, Availableat http://www.wilderness.org/Library/Documents/upload/Economic-Benefits-of-Wildlands-in-the-Eastern-Sierra-Nevada-Region-of-California.pdfRudzitis, G., Johnson, R. The impact of wilderness and other wildlands on local economiesand regional development trends. In McCool, Stephen F., Cole, David N., Borrie,William T., O’Loughlin, Jennifer, compilers. 2000. Wilderness science in a time ofchange conference-Volume 2: Wilderness in the context of larger systems; 1999 May23-27; Missoula, MT: Proceedings RMRS-P-15-VOL-2:14-26. U.S. Department ofAgriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT.San Antonio Convention and Visitors Bureau. 2003. San Antonio 2002 Overnight LeisureDomestic Visitor Profile. Available athttp://www.sanantoniovisit.com/local_partners/Research/DKSA2002OvernightLeisureVisitorProfile.pdf81
Schwecke, Tim, et al. 1989. A look at Visitors on Wisconsin's Elroy-Sparta Trail. Madison,WI: University of Wisconsin - Extension Service, Recreation Research Center.Travel Industry Association of America (TIA). a: 2004. Economic Research: Economic Impact of Travel and Tourism. Available athttp://www.tia.org/Travel/econimpact.asp b: February 25, 2004. U.S. National parks Enjoy High Awareness and Satisfactionamong American Travelers. Available athttp://www.tia.org/Press/pressrec.asp?Item=317USDA Forest Service, Region 2. August 2001. National Visitor Use Monitoring Results:Rio Grande National Forest. Available athttp://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/nvum/reports/year1/R2_Rio_Grande_final_082001.docVoinovich, George. August 25, 2003. Testimony by the Senator at Hearings on Restorationand Protection of the Great Lakes, U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and PublicWorks, Cleveland, Ohio.Webb, Craig. April 1998. “Liquid Assets: West Virginia’s Whitewater Rafting,”Hemispheres (Greensboro, NC: Pace Communications, Inc.,); 34.Western States Tourism Policy Council. 2002. Tourism Statistics: Economic Impact ofTourism in the West. Available athttp://www.dced.state.ak.us/wstpc/Publications/EconomicImpact.htmWilliams, Clint. May 6, 2002. 'Comet' speeds tourists to town. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Pp.1E.York County Department of Parks and Recreation. May 2000. Heritage Rail Trail County Park: 1999 User Survey and EconomicImpact Analysis. Prepared by Interactive Marketing Solutions. June 2002. Heritage Rail Trail County Park: 2001 User Survey and EconomicImpact Analysis. Prepared Interactive Marketing Solutions.82
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ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF PARKS, RIVERS,
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AcknowledgementsI am grateful to ma
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3.5.5 Sources of Information.......
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Table 28. Hiking/Walking Organizati
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1 IntroductionParks, rivers, trails
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Table 1.SectionAgency ExpendituresC
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provide communities with economic,
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the most current information on the
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3.1 Agency ExpendituresThis section
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grants. About 25% of capital expend
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The Marin Conservation Corps (MCC)
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already been implemented and is ope
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Table 5.Net Benefit Per Participant
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WEST VIRGINIAWISCONSINEarthCorpsFed
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contracts that gross over $800 mill
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3.2.2 Special EventsRevenue enhanci
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park experience to an audience who
Page 36 and 37:
you have the opportunity to determi
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Use good survey methods. The better
Page 40 and 41: California. A Report to The Sierra
Page 42 and 43: powered activities 3 , a participan
Page 44 and 45: Table 11. 2003 Sport Footwear Purch
Page 46 and 47: 3.3.4 Fish and Wildlife-Related Rec
Page 48 and 49: EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENSESTotal $
Page 50 and 51: Table 17. Estimates of Retail Expen
Page 52 and 53: Table 19. U.S. Ski & Snowboard Indu
Page 54 and 55: and from services related to the Pa
Page 56 and 57: o $60 million in Harris County, TX,
Page 58 and 59: League ofAmericanBicyclistsNational
Page 60 and 61: SportingGoodsManufacturersAssociati
Page 62 and 63: necessarily better, especially in s
Page 64 and 65: Perspective. Available at http://ww
Page 66 and 67: o Washington: $209 milliono West Vi
Page 68 and 69: Economic Output Retail Sales Salari
Page 70 and 71: Economic Output Retail Sales Salari
Page 72 and 73: Table 35. Economic Impact of Sportf
Page 74 and 75: All Anglers Non-Resident/Tourist An
Page 76 and 77: Table 37. Per Capita Travel Receipt
Page 78 and 79: their decision to return in the fut
Page 80 and 81: Table 39. Visitors and Spending in
Page 82 and 83: 2003). Data from California Departm
Page 84 and 85: over 2003, despite high gas prices,
Page 86 and 87: management changes or actions are e
Page 88 and 89: accommodations used, and other trip
Page 92 and 93: 3.5 Estimating the Effects of Spend
Page 94 and 95: “leakage” of money from the reg
Page 96 and 97: Keep in mind that multipliers are s
Page 98 and 99: 3.5.4 How to Use These Rationales i
Page 100 and 101: economy, only those expenditures th
Page 102 and 103: For example, be aware of the differ
Page 104 and 105: 3.6 Health Care and FitnessThis sec
Page 106 and 107: active, approximately $575 million
Page 108 and 109: already had one heart attacko Impro
Page 110 and 111: uilt as part of sound policy to pro
Page 112 and 113: accounting for 14 million disabilit
Page 114 and 115: park amenities available or do not
Page 116 and 117: National Coalitionfor PromotingPhys
Page 118 and 119: 100% of all health benefits to a si
Page 120 and 121: Pratt M, Macera CA, Wang G. 2000. H
Page 122 and 123: costs than normal weight; moderate
Page 124 and 125: References for Additional Informati
Page 126 and 127: 3.7 Benefit EstimationParks, rivers
Page 128 and 129: Table 47.Forecasted Average Benefit
Page 130 and 131: Table 48.CriteriaRecreationExperien
Page 132 and 133: people using carefully designed and
Page 134 and 135: special government funds for causes
Page 136 and 137: Loomis, J. B., and White, D.S. 1996
Page 138 and 139: Economic Assessment for the Necedah
Page 140 and 141:
Commercial UsesExpenditures byResid
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Outcomes Expenditures by GGNRA mana
Page 144 and 145:
local transportation admissions and
Page 146 and 147:
3.8.8 Educational ValueWhile it may
Page 148 and 149:
the same municipality that are furt
Page 150 and 151:
that do require storm water managem
Page 152 and 153:
Summary of ActionsSimilar to corpor
Page 154 and 155:
3.9 Resource Book AppendicesSeveral
Page 156 and 157:
6. Spending in the area. Please rep
Page 158 and 159:
local economy aren’t bringing in
Page 160 and 161:
4 ConclusionIn 1995, the National P
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Economic Impacts of Parks, Rivers, Trails and Greenways

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