Economic Impacts of Parks, Rivers, Trails and Greenways

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o $60 million in Harris County, TX, for acquisition and development of parks(LTA, 2002).Table 24. Percent and Value of Ballot Measures ApprovedYear Measures approved New funding1998 126 of 150 (84%) $8.3 billion1999 92 of 102 (90%) $1.8 billion2000 174 of 209 (83%) $7.5 billion2001 137 of the 196 (70%) $1.7 billionSixty-seven of Oregon voters chose to set aside $45 million from state lottery proceedsto purchase river corridors, watersheds and wetlands, and native salmon habitat in 1998(TPL, 1999).In 1995 voters in Larimer County, CO passed an eight-year, 1/4 cent “Help PreserveOpen Spaces” sales tax, which yielded over $18 million. The money is used for thepurchase of land or development rights so that open lands can be preserved and farmsand ranches can be kept in agricultural use (TPL, 1999).Between 1961-1995 New Jersey voters approved nine open space bond acts, whichraised $1.4 billion for New Jersey’s Green Acres land acquisition program. In 1998,New Jersey voters also approved a referendum that created a stable source of fundingfor open space, farmland, and historic preservation and recreation development (NJDept of Environmental Protection, 2002).3.3.9 How to Use These Rationales in Your CommunityDemonstrate how leisure and recreation expenditures are important in your state,region, or community. Cite some of the examples given to show how people valuerecreation and open space opportunities. Gather similar information for your state, region,or community and present them at meetings and in publications. Take advantage of localuniversities that may be able to provide expertise on gathering such information.Quote the above examples to show how park- and trail-related expenditures areimportant to other economies. The examples provided focus upon a variety of aspects ofhow recreation/open space expenditures support local, regional, state, and nationaleconomies. If appropriate, local examples can be found and listed. Choose the activitiesmost relevant to your planning area; the size of the economy, and the type of impact.Recognize the multiplier effect of park expenditures. The effect of spending related toparks and trails is multiplied as local businesses patronized by park users purchase suppliesand services from manufacturers and other businesses. This concept is further discussed inSection 3.5, Estimating the Effects of Spending, under the subsections “Direct, Indirect andInduced Effects” and “Multipliers.”Compare the economic effects of the park or trail to those of another facility orprogram. Compare the number of jobs supported or created by your park to those47
supported by a well-known local employer.Discuss effects of decisions that could alter visitation. Many activities such as naturalarea restoration, fish habitat improvement, increased publicity, better access, etc., canincrease recreational use. If such activities are proposed, calculate the effects of such achange. Use this information as base data for illustrating how changes in management(supply) or visitor needs (demand) affect the park’s impact on the local economy.3.3.10 Sources of InformationRecreation and Sports Associations. Information on participation and spending related tooutdoor activities can be obtained from a number of recreation organizations. A partiallisting of such groups is below. Also consider contacting state and local recreationassociations in your area for additional information.AmericanSportfishingAssociationInternationalAssociation ofFish andWildlifeAgenciesRecreationalBoating andFishingFoundationTable 25. Angling Organizationshttp://www.asafishing.org Promote the social, economic,and conservation values ofsportfishing in America.Publishes “Sportfishing inAmerica” which features theeconomic and social importanceof sportfishing. Economic impactdata is broken down by state aswell as freshwater/saltwater.http://www.iafwa.org/Promotes sound resourcemanagement and strengthensfederal, state, and privatecooperation in protecting andmanaging fish and wildlife andtheir habitats in the publicinterest.http://www.rbff.orgWorks to increase participationin recreational angling andboating through increased publicawareness and appreciation ofthe need for conserving andrestoring aquatic naturalresources.InternationalMountainBikingAssociationTable 26.http://imba.comBiking OrganizationsCreates, enhances and preservestrail opportunities for mountainbikers worldwide. Websitecontains research on the48
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ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF PARKS, RIVERS,
Page 4 and 5:
AcknowledgementsI am grateful to ma
Page 6 and 7: 3.5.5 Sources of Information.......
Page 8 and 9: Table 28. Hiking/Walking Organizati
Page 10 and 11: 1 IntroductionParks, rivers, trails
Page 12 and 13: Table 1.SectionAgency ExpendituresC
Page 14 and 15: provide communities with economic,
Page 16 and 17: the most current information on the
Page 18 and 19: 3.1 Agency ExpendituresThis section
Page 20 and 21: grants. About 25% of capital expend
Page 22 and 23: The Marin Conservation Corps (MCC)
Page 24 and 25: already been implemented and is ope
Page 26 and 27: Table 5.Net Benefit Per Participant
Page 28 and 29: WEST VIRGINIAWISCONSINEarthCorpsFed
Page 30 and 31: contracts that gross over $800 mill
Page 32 and 33: 3.2.2 Special EventsRevenue enhanci
Page 34 and 35: park experience to an audience who
Page 36 and 37: you have the opportunity to determi
Page 38 and 39: Use good survey methods. The better
Page 40 and 41: California. A Report to The Sierra
Page 42 and 43: powered activities 3 , a participan
Page 44 and 45: Table 11. 2003 Sport Footwear Purch
Page 46 and 47: 3.3.4 Fish and Wildlife-Related Rec
Page 48 and 49: EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENSESTotal $
Page 50 and 51: Table 17. Estimates of Retail Expen
Page 52 and 53: Table 19. U.S. Ski & Snowboard Indu
Page 54 and 55: and from services related to the Pa
Page 58 and 59: League ofAmericanBicyclistsNational
Page 60 and 61: SportingGoodsManufacturersAssociati
Page 62 and 63: necessarily better, especially in s
Page 64 and 65: Perspective. Available at http://ww
Page 66 and 67: o Washington: $209 milliono West Vi
Page 68 and 69: Economic Output Retail Sales Salari
Page 70 and 71: Economic Output Retail Sales Salari
Page 72 and 73: Table 35. Economic Impact of Sportf
Page 74 and 75: All Anglers Non-Resident/Tourist An
Page 76 and 77: Table 37. Per Capita Travel Receipt
Page 78 and 79: their decision to return in the fut
Page 80 and 81: Table 39. Visitors and Spending in
Page 82 and 83: 2003). Data from California Departm
Page 84 and 85: over 2003, despite high gas prices,
Page 86 and 87: management changes or actions are e
Page 88 and 89: accommodations used, and other trip
Page 90 and 91: http://www.ncdot.org/transit/bicycl
Page 92 and 93: 3.5 Estimating the Effects of Spend
Page 94 and 95: “leakage” of money from the reg
Page 96 and 97: Keep in mind that multipliers are s
Page 98 and 99: 3.5.4 How to Use These Rationales i
Page 100 and 101: economy, only those expenditures th
Page 102 and 103: For example, be aware of the differ
Page 104 and 105: 3.6 Health Care and FitnessThis sec
Page 106 and 107:
active, approximately $575 million
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already had one heart attacko Impro
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uilt as part of sound policy to pro
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accounting for 14 million disabilit
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park amenities available or do not
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National Coalitionfor PromotingPhys
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100% of all health benefits to a si
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Pratt M, Macera CA, Wang G. 2000. H
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costs than normal weight; moderate
Page 124 and 125:
References for Additional Informati
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3.7 Benefit EstimationParks, rivers
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Table 47.Forecasted Average Benefit
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Table 48.CriteriaRecreationExperien
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people using carefully designed and
Page 134 and 135:
special government funds for causes
Page 136 and 137:
Loomis, J. B., and White, D.S. 1996
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Economic Assessment for the Necedah
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Commercial UsesExpenditures byResid
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Outcomes Expenditures by GGNRA mana
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local transportation admissions and
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3.8.8 Educational ValueWhile it may
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the same municipality that are furt
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that do require storm water managem
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Summary of ActionsSimilar to corpor
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3.9 Resource Book AppendicesSeveral
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6. Spending in the area. Please rep
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local economy aren’t bringing in
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4 ConclusionIn 1995, the National P
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Economic Impacts of Parks, Rivers, Trails and Greenways

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