Introduction to Cognitive Psychology - Department of Psychological ...

Professor Greg Francis 8/17/11Wernicke’s aphasia!! Most aphasias involve damage to morethan just one specific areaAnomia!! Damage around Wernicke’s area produces a deficit in theability to name things!! e.g., after a stroke in this area CB cannot retrieve nouns he wantsto useC.B. Uh, well this is the...the...of this. This and this and thisand this. These things going in there like that. This is...thingshere. This one here, these two things here. And the other onehere, back in this one, this one...look at this one.Examiner Yeah, what's happening there?Purdue UniversityC.B. I can't tell you what that is, but I know what it is, but Idon't know where it is. But I don't know what's under. I knowit's you couldn't say it's ... I couldn't say what it is. I couldn'tsay what that is. This shu-- that should be right in here. That'svery bad in there. Anyway, this one here, and that, and that's it.This is the getting in here and that's the getting around here,and that, and that's it. This is getting in here and that's thegetting around here, this one and one with this one. And thisone, and that's it, isn't it? I don't know what else you'd want.Purdue UniversityAnomia!! Sometimes anomia can be remarkablespecific!! Some patients have difficulty with only certaintypes of nouns!!concrete vs abstract (chair vs trust)!!nonliving vs living (table vs dog)!!animals and vegetables vs food and body parts!!colors!!proper namesPurdue UniversityBrain and language!! Recall that the left side of the brain is more involvedin language than the right side!! Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas are on the left hemisphere!! However, the right hemisphere can also work withlanguage!! left handed people!! hemispherectomies (age matters!)Purdue UniversityBrain and evolution!! We’ve argued that language is an evolved instinct!! differences in brains account for differences in abilities!! One might hope to find proto-language abilities in“close” animals to humans!! Chimpanzees, apes!! Anatomically, there are many similarities betweenhuman brains and apes and chimpanzeesPurdue UniversityBrain and evolution!! Cantalupo & Hopkins (2001)!! Broadmann’s area 44 (part of Broca’s area in humans)!! Compare area on left and right hemispheres»! Larger on left for humans and apeschimpanzeesgorillasbonobosPurdue UniversityImplieshemisphereasymmetriesthat underlaylanguagebeganat least 5million yearsagoPSY 200: Intro. to Cognitive Psychology 3