Introduction to Cognitive Psychology - Department of Psychological ...

Greg Francis 1/7/11Set effects: Priming!! Safren (1962)!! Unscramble the following anagrams!! 12.2 seconds per wordKOBO CTURK STTESet effects: Incubation!! Cheap necklace problem!! Opening a link costs $2!! Closing a link costs $3!! Go from given to goal state for no more than $15CHUOC ANCYD DRINEF7.4 seconds per wordKMLI GRAUS RECMAFOEFCE TEESW IKRDNPurdue UniversityPurdue UniversitySet effects: Incubation!! Silveira (1971)!! Control: Work on problem for half an hour!!55% solve problem!! Exp A: Work on problem for half an hour in15 minute sections, half-hour distracter task!!64% solve problem!! Exp B: Work on problem for half an hour in15 minute sections, 4 hour distracter task!!85% solve problemPurdue UniversitySet effects: Incubation!! Subjects often get stuck using an approachthat goes nowhere (set)!! After a break they are more likely to try adifferent approach!! Brainstorming tries to avoid set effects byallowing free “dreaming” of solutions!!most of the ideas are worthless, but the approachis still beneficialPurdue UniversitySet effects: Functional fixedness!! How can you tie two strings together?!! Dunker (1945)!!“MacGyver”Purdue UniversityInsight!! Intuitively, we sometimes feel as if we have astrong insight into a problem and its solutionbecomes obvious!!the “aha” feeling!!is it real?!!what does it correspond to?!! Using problems like the “Bronze coin” andthe “Tree planting” problems!!subjects judge their progress with a “warmth”ratingPurdue UniversityPSY200 Cognitive Psychology 4