Introduction to Cognitive Psychology - Department of Psychological ...
Introduction to Cognitive Psychology - Department of Psychological ...
Introduction to Cognitive Psychology - Department of Psychological ...
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Pr<strong>of</strong>. Greg Francis 8/17/11Encoding specificityPSY 200Greg FrancisLecture 18What <strong>to</strong> do if you are drunk whilestudying for an exam.Purdue UniversityContext!! The context within which you learn and recallcan have a pr<strong>of</strong>ound impact on your memory!! e.g., part-set cueing!! given part <strong>of</strong> a set that has been learned, subjects recallfewer <strong>of</strong> the remaining items than with normal free recall!! Interference <strong>of</strong> recall»! Have <strong>to</strong> keep checking if an item you recall isalready on the list!! DemonstrationPurdue UniversityContext!! The effect <strong>of</strong> part-set cueing suggests that <strong>to</strong> measure memoryyou must consider the conditions at test!! Memory is more <strong>of</strong>ten about discrimination <strong>of</strong> memory traces andnot about the strength <strong>of</strong> memory traces!! Similar <strong>to</strong> visual search experimentsPurdue UniversityFeaturesearchConjunctivesearchContext!! But memory is not exactly the same as visual search!! Information must be encoded in memory as well asrecalled!! Such encoding can alter what features are s<strong>to</strong>red as part <strong>of</strong> the memory!! Which changes the discrimination <strong>of</strong> subsequent recall!! It turns out, that <strong>to</strong> maximize recallability!! the effort and conditions at the time <strong>of</strong> learning must beconsistent with the properties and conditions <strong>of</strong> the test!! Encoding specificity principlePurdue UniversityRepresentative study!! Subjects in two groups!! see the same words, but have different tasks!! This changes the encoding <strong>of</strong> information in memorySemantic judgementCHEESEThe manthrew the ball<strong>to</strong> the______.Rhyme judgementPurdue UniversityCHEESESNEEZETest!! Each group is then split in<strong>to</strong> two subgroups that vary in the recall <strong>of</strong>information!! 1) Normal recognition task!! 2) Shown a word and asked if any <strong>of</strong> the target words rhymed with thisword987Study65Semantic4Rhyme3210Number <strong>of</strong> wordsrecognizedStandardRhymeRecognition testPurdue UniversityPSY 200: Intro. <strong>to</strong> <strong>Cognitive</strong> <strong>Psychology</strong> 1